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      Campylobacter sp in eggs from cloacal swab positive breeder hens Translated title: Campylobacter sp em ovos provenientes de matrizes pesadas com swab cloacal positivo

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          Abstract

          Campylobacter sp is a microaerophilic, thermotolerating Gram negative bacterium, known to be one of the main causes of food-borne human infections. Among the foods that carry these microorganisms, the chicken is outstanding. In Brazil, a large chicken exporting country, few researches are conducted about their prevalence in breeder hens and the transmission through eggs. The aim of this research was to verify the presence of Campylobacter sp in the shells and within the eggs from positive cloacal swab breeder hens. Microbiological analyses were made on cloacal swabs of 140 weighed breeder hens. The positive breeder hens were set aside and in a total of 244 of their eggs, Campylobacter sp was present in macerated shells and yolk contents during 7 weeks. Out of the 140 researched breeder hens, 25 (17.8%) were positive from cloacal swabs, however the eggs were not positive. The physiological characteristics of the birds, their eggs and Campylobacter sp favor the bacterium entering and surviving in the eggs, but in this study, no positive result was found in macerated shells or in the yolks, indicating that vertical transmission is probably an unusual event.

          Translated abstract

          Campylobacter sp é reconhecida como uma das principais causas de gastrenterite humana de origem alimentar. Dentre os alimentos veiculadores desses microrganismos, a carne de frango tem sido a mais implicada. Os estudos existentes sobre a transmissão vertical da Campylobacter são escassos e não conclusivos. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a presença de Campylobacter sp na casca e interior de ovos de matrizes positivas em swabs cloacais e a possibilidade de transmissão vertical. Foram analisados swabs cloacais de 140 matrizes pesadas e seus ovos colhidos para análise durante 7 semanas consecutivas. Dos 244 ovos colhidos, 129 foram fumigados e 115 analisados sem tratamento. Foram analisados o macerado da casca e a gema. Das 140 matrizes pesquisadas, 25 (17,8%) foram positivas em swabs cloacais. Não houve positividade em nenhuma das amostras de ovos, independente da fumigação ou período de coleta. Apesar das características fisiológicas das matrizes, dos ovos e da Campylobacter sp serem favoráveis à entrada e sobrevivência da bactéria nos ovos, nesse estudo, nenhuma positividade foi encontrada, tanto no macerado da casca quanto na gema dos ovos, indicando que a transmissão vertical é possivelmente um evento raro.

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          Most cited references17

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          Association of Campylobacter jejuni with laying hens and eggs.

          Orla Doyle (1984)
          Laying hens were individually caged at 20 weeks of age and tested for fecal excretion of Campylobacter jejuni (minimum level of detection was 100 cfu/g) during a 42-week period. Peak rates of C. jejuni isolation (approximately 25% of hens positive) occurred at two different times, in October and in late April to early May. Before being segregated in late September, birds were allowed to consume fecal matter, litter, and communal drinking water, all likely sources of C. jejuni. The increased excretion rate in late April may have been due to a climatic change. A small portion (8.1%) of the hens chronically excreted (positive less than 30% of the sampling times) the organism, whereas C. jejuni was not detected in 33% of the hens, even though birds were likely exposed to the organism before being segregated. No correlation could be made between rates of C. jejuni excretion and egg production. Of 266 eggs from hens fecally excreting C. jejuni, the organism was isolated from two shell surfaces but no egg contents. Egg penetration studies revealed that the organism would not penetrate into the contents of the eggs but could be isolated occasionally from the inner shell and membranes of refrigerated eggs.
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            Control of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry production. A summary of work at Russell Research Center.

            J Bailey (1993)
            The primary mission of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit is to develop technology preventing commensal intestinal colonization of chickens by human bacterial enteropathogens, including Salmonella and Campylobacter. The different mechanisms of colonization and the wide variety of sources of these pathogens combined with the different factors that affect host susceptibility to colonization indicate that a multifaceted research approach will be required to control Salmonella and Campylobacter during poultry production. The working hypothesis is that only by delivering chickens free of Salmonella or Campylobacter to the processing plant can significant reductions in the number and levels of contamination of chickens leaving the plant with these pathogens be achieved. As the means are developed to substantially reduce or eliminate the intestinal colonization of chickens by these pathogens, the pathogen-free chickens can be delivered to the processing plant, thereby eliminating or at least reducing the prevalence and levels of Salmonella on processed broilers.
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              Egg penetration by Campylobacter jejuni.

              Hens eggs were immersed in suspensions of Campylobacter jejuni (4 strains) and examined for penetration and infection. Penetration was demonstrated using an egg moulding technique and by culture. C. jejuni was recovered from shell membranes, but not from the albumin or yolk. Embryonic deaths were not significantly greater in test than control eggs. Unlike a strain of Salmonella virchow, which was used as a control, the C. jejuni strains did not survive for more than 6 hours after penetration. It is concluded that transmission of C. jejuni to broiler birds via eggs is highly improbable.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjm
                Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
                Braz. J. Microbiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia (São Paulo )
                1678-4405
                December 2006
                : 37
                : 4
                : 573-575
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Brasil
                [3 ] Universidade de Minas Gerais Brasil
                Article
                S1517-83822006000400032
                10.1590/S1517-83822006000400032
                771cb091-1764-48c3-b087-a9769b4e6d98

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-8382&lng=en
                Categories
                MICROBIOLOGY

                Microbiology & Virology
                Campylobacter,eggs,chicken,vertical transmission,epidemiology,ovos,galinhas,transmissão vertical,epidemiologia

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