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      Risk perception and preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among university students, Gondar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

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          Abstract

          Objective

          This study aimed to assess COVID-19 preventive behaviours and their associated factors among university students.

          Methods

          An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among 405 university students and the study participants were chosen using a stratified simple random selection procedure. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess participants’ perception of and preventive behaviour towards COVID-19. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 preventive behaviour.

          Result

          A total of 405 students participated in this study with a response rate of 97.4%. The mean age of the participants was 23.6 (SD ±2.4, range 19–30) years. Two hundred and twenty of the participants (45.7% with 95% CI 41.0% to 51.0%) had good preventive behaviour towards COVID-19. COVID-19 preventive behaviour was significantly associated with age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.1, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.2), female sex (AOR=1.6, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.60), knowing anyone infected with COVID-19 (AOR=4.05, 95% CI 1.9 to 8.8), participants who had high perceived susceptibility (AOR=2.14, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.35) and participants who were enrolled in health programmes (AOR=4.23, 95% CI 2.6 to 7.0).

          Conclusion and recommendation

          The overall COVID-19 preventive behaviour among university students is unsatisfactory. Students' COVID-19 preventive behaviour was influenced by age, sex, knowing a COVID-19 infected person, perceived susceptibility and the sort of programme in which they had enrolled. The findings revealed that health communication interventions aimed at changing people’s perceptions of COVID-19 and related prevention strategies are urgently needed to improve this population’s COVID-19 preventive behaviour.

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          Most cited references20

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          COVID-19 and Iranian Medical Students; A Survey on Their Related-Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception

          Mohammad Taghrir, Roham Borazjani, Ramin Shiraly (2020)
          Background: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began its journey around the world. Medical students, as frontline healthcare workers, are more susceptible to be infected by the virus. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 related knowledge, self-reported preventive behaviors and risk perception among Iranian medical students within the first week after the onset of the outbreak in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th to 28th of February, 2020. Participants were Iranian medical students (5th-7th year) whose knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perceptions of COVID-19 were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions including 15 items about COVID-19 related knowledge, 9 items regarding preventive measures and 2 items about COVID-19 risk perception. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were shown to be satisfactory. Results: A total of 240 medical students completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 23.67 years. The average of correct answers of knowledge was 86.96%; and 79.60% had high level of related knowledge. The average rate of practicing preventive behaviors was 94.47%; and 94.2% had high level of performance in preventive behaviors. The cumulative score of risk perception was 4.08 out of 8 which was in moderate range. Risk perception was significantly different between stagers and interns and between those being trained in emergency room (ER) and non-ER wards. There was a significant negative correlation between preventive behaviors and risk perception. Conclusion: We found a high level of COVID-19 related knowledge and self-reported preventive behaviors and moderate risk perception among Iranian medical students.
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            Public perception and preparedness for the pandemic COVID 19: A Health Belief Model approach

            Regi Jose, Meghana Narendran, Anil Bindu … (2020)
            Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic is recognized as a major threat to human health in 2020. As the disease is new and spreading quickly, the scientific community is reporting new information daily to address this issue. The public is well informed and is ready to adopt the protective and preventive measures suggested by the authorities. Aim & objective This study is aimed at understanding the perception towards the pandemic using the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach, preparedness measures adopted, opinion and confidence towards various Governmental activities and control measures. Methods and material A Cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults across the Kerala state using modified WHO Cosmo protocol and questionnaires implemented through google forms in late April during the preparedness phase of the disease. Statistical analysis The results were explained using descriptive and Binary Logistic Regression analysis using SPSS version 22. Results Among the 680 participants, 675 (99.3%) were aware about COVID-19 and 598 (88%) had good knowledge. Behavioural change was observed in 638 (93.8%) and variables in Health Belief Model showed a significant association with behavioural change. Conclusions Most people living across Kerala approached the COVID-19 pandemic in a similar manner, irrespective of age, education, or relation to the healthcare field. Perceptions of the community as explained by Health Belief Model was greatly influenced by the primary health care approach by the government and for the subsequent behavioural change.
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              A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practice associated with COVID-19 among undergraduate students in China

              Yaling Peng, Chenchen Pei, Yan Zheng … (2020)
              Background The COVID-19 pandemic has become a great threat to public health, which has greatly impacted the study and life of undergraduate students in China. This study aims to perform a survey of their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) associated with COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional survey was designed to gather information regarding the COVID-19 related KAP among undergraduates during the home isolation in the outbreak. Subjects were recruited from 10 universities in Shaanxi Province, China. Enrollees voluntarily submitted their answers to a pre-designed questionnaire online. Results A total of 872 subjects (female, 534; male, 338) were enrolled with ages from 17 to 25 years old. This cohort included 430 medical and 442 non-medical students, 580 freshmen and 292 higher school year students. There were 453 from public schools and 442 from private school, residing in 28 regions and provinces at the time of study. Results showed that appropriate knowledge was acquired by 82.34% subjects; the levels were significantly higher in undergraduates from public universities and medical majors than those from private schools and non-medical majors (p<0.05). 73.81% subjects reported positive attitudes; females showed significantly higher levels of positive attitudes than males (p<0.05). Proactive practice was found in 87.94% subjects. Using a common scoring method, the overall scores for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice were 4.12 ± 0.749 (range: 0 ~ 5), 8.54 ± 1.201 (range: 0 ~ 10), and 8.91 ± 1.431 (range: 0 ~ 10), respectively. There was a positive correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0.319, p < 0.05) in the whole study group. Total KAP score was 21.57 ± 2.291 (range: 0 ~ 25), which was significantly different between gender groups and major groups. Conclusions Most undergraduates acquired necessary knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice in response to COVID-19 outbreak; but their KAP scores significantly varied by gender, major and school types.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen
                Title: BMJ Open
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 April 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 8 April 2022
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e057404
                Affiliations
                [1 ]departmentDepartment of Public Health , Ambo University College of Medicine and Public Health , Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
                [2 ]departmentDepartment of Human Physiology , college of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Gondar , Gondar, Ethiopia
                [3 ]departmentDepartment of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences , University of Gondar , Gondar, Ethiopia
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Mrs Bezawit Mulat; mulatbezawit@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-1669
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-8405
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-2281
                Article
                Publisher ID: bmjopen-2021-057404
                DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057404
                PMC ID: 8995571
                PubMed ID: 35396300
                SO-VID: 6f9dc1ff-d895-4316-a33a-88ff0643896f
                Copyright © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 16 September 2021
                Date accepted : 22 March 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Epidemiology
                Subject: 1506
                Subject: 2474
                Subject: 1692
                Series title: Original research
                Custom metadata
                special-feature unlocked
                access-type free

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: public health,medical education & training,epidemiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: public health, medical education & training, epidemiology

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