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      Depilatory chemical thioglycolate affects hair cuticle and cortex, degrades epidermal cornified envelopes and induces proliferation and differentiation responses in keratinocytes.

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          Abstract

          Thioglycolate is a potent depilatory agent. In addition, it has been proposed to be useful as a penetration enhancer for transepidermal drug delivery. However, the effects on hair structure and stress responses it elicits in epidermal keratinocytes have not been fully characterised. We have used label-free confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging supported by electron microscopy to demonstrate how thioglycolate damages hair cuticle cells by generating breakages along the endocuticle and leading to swelling of cortex cells. Maleimide staining of free SH-groups and a decrease in the average fluorescence lifetime of endogenous fluorophores demonstrate a specific change in protein structure in both hair cuticle and cortex. We found that the thioglycolate damages cornified envelopes isolated from the stratum corneum of the epidermis. However, thioglycolate-treated epidermal equivalent cultures recover within 48 hours, which highlights the reversibility of the damage. HaCaT keratinocytes respond to thioglycolate by increased proliferation, onset of differentiation and expression of the chaperone protein Hsp 70, but not Hsp 27. Up-regulation of involucrin can be blocked by an application of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, but the up-regulation of Hsp 70 takes place regardless of the presence of the JNK inhibitor.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Exp Dermatol
          Experimental dermatology
          Wiley
          1600-0625
          0906-6705
          January 2019
          : 28
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
          Article
          10.1111/exd.13838
          30417461
          6d9f66df-c84c-4188-955e-31365fc1f381
          © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
          History

          fluorescence lifetime imaging,hair,keratinocyte differentiation,label-free imaging,stress signalling

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