The Ideological-Conflict Hypothesis

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Moral conviction: another contributor to attitude strength or something more?

Linda J Skitka, Christopher Bauman, Edward Sargis (2005)

Attitudes held with strong moral conviction (moral mandates) were predicted to have different interpersonal consequences than strong but nonmoral attitudes. After controlling for indices of attitude strength, the authors explored the unique effect of moral conviction on the degree that people preferred greater social (Studies 1 and 2) and physical (Study 3) distance from attitudinally dissimilar others and the effects of moral conviction on group interaction and decision making in attitudinally homogeneous versus heterogeneous groups (Study 4). Results supported the moral mandate hypothesis: Stronger moral conviction led to (a) greater preferred social and physical distance from attitudinally dissimilar others, (b) intolerance of attitudinally dissimilar others in both intimate (e.g., friend) and distant relationships (e.g., owner of a store one frequents), (c) lower levels of good will and cooperativeness in attitudinally heterogeneous groups, and (d) a greater inability to generate procedural solutions to resolve disagreements.

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Political Diversity in Social and Personality Psychology.

Yoel Inbar, Joris Lammers (2012)

A lack of political diversity in psychology is said to lead to a number of pernicious outcomes, including biased research and active discrimination against conservatives. We surveyed a large number (combined N = 800) of social and personality psychologists and discovered several interesting facts. First, although only 6% described themselves as conservative "overall," there was more diversity of political opinion on economic issues and foreign policy. Second, respondents significantly underestimated the proportion of conservatives among their colleagues. Third, conservatives fear negative consequences of revealing their political beliefs to their colleagues. Finally, they are right to do so: In decisions ranging from paper reviews to hiring, many social and personality psychologists said that they would discriminate against openly conservative colleagues. The more liberal respondents were, the more they said they would discriminate.

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Understanding all inconsistency compensation as a palliative response to violated expectations.

Travis Proulx, Michael Inzlicht, Eddie Harmon-Jones (2012)

It has been repeatedly shown that, when people have experiences that are inconsistent with their expectations, they engage in a variety of compensatory efforts. Although there have been many superficially different accounts for these behaviors, a potentially unifying inconsistency compensation perspective is currently coalescing. Following from a common prediction error/conflict monitoring mechanism, any given inconsistency is understood as evoking a common syndrome of aversive arousal. In turn, this aversive arousal is understood to motivate palliative efforts, which manifest as the analogous compensation behaviors reported within different psychological literatures. Based on this perspective, compensation efforts following both 'high-level' (e.g., attitudinal dissonance) and 'low-level' (e.g., Stroop task color/word mismatches) inconsistencies can now be understood in terms of a common motivational account. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Title: Current Directions in Psychological Science

Abbreviated Title: Current Directions in Psychological Science

Publisher: SAGE Publications

ISSN (Print): 0963-7214

ISSN (Electronic): 1467-8721

Publication date Created: February 2014

Publication date (Print): February 2014

Volume: 23

Issue: 1

Pages: 27-34

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DOI: 10.1177/0963721413510932

SO-VID: 6c04602f-e5c3-4edd-b389-c1f23078d4f5

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The Ideological-Conflict Hypothesis : Intolerance Among Both Liberals and Conservatives

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Heritage, Memory and Conflict Journal (HMC)

Most cited references 8

Moral conviction: another contributor to attitude strength or something more?

Political Diversity in Social and Personality Psychology.

Understanding all inconsistency compensation as a palliative response to violated expectations.

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