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      Verhütung auf YouTube, Instagram und TikTok : Eine Inhalts- und Qualitätsanalyse Translated title: Contraception on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok : A content and quality analysis

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Jugendliche und Erwachsene beziehen Informationen über Verhütung zunehmend über soziale Medien.

          Ziel der Arbeit

          Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, erstmals Inhalte und Qualität deutschsprachiger Verhütungsbeiträge auf YouTube, Instagram und TikTok zu untersuchen. Beantwortet werden sollen Forschungsfragen zu Anbieter*innen (F1), Inhalten (F2) und Qualität der Verhütungsbeiträge (F3) sowie zu Publikumsreaktionen (F4).

          Material und Methoden

          Es wurde eine Stichprobe von N = 1000 Verhütungsbeiträgen von YouTube (500), Instagram (250) und TikTok (250) gezogen. Pro Beitrag gingen maximal 20 verhütungsbezogene Kommentare in das Kommentar-Sample ein ( N = 12.454). Die Beiträge und Kommentare wurden mittels reliabilitätsgeprüfter Codebücher analysiert. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit SPSS. Die Studie ist präregistriert und alle Daten, Materialien und Analyseskripte sind öffentlich verfügbar.

          Ergebnisse

          Es zeigte sich, dass die Verhütungsbeiträge mehrheitlich von Gesundheitslaien stammten (52 %), gefolgt von Medienprofis und Gesundheitsprofis (F1). Inhaltlich deckten die Verhütungsbeiträge alle verfügbaren Verhütungsmethoden ab, wobei Pille (69 %) und Kondom (40 %) dominierten (F2). Nach gängigen Qualitätskriterien zeigten sich deutliche Defizite, wobei im Vergleich YouTube-Videos am besten abschnitten (F3). TikTok-Videos dagegen waren Spitzenreiter bei den Publikumsreaktionen, sie verzeichneten die meisten Views, Likes und Kommentare. Die Kommentarspalten wurden vom Publikum oft genutzt, um eigene Verhütungserfahrungen zu teilen oder Nachfragen zu stellen (F4).

          Diskussion

          Weitere Forschung sowie Praxismaßnahmen sind notwendig, um die Qualität von Verhütungsinformationen in sozialen Medien besser einschätzen und optimieren zu können.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Young people and adults increasingly obtain information about contraception via social media.

          Research aim

          Against this background, the aim of this study is to investigate for the first time the content and quality of German-language contraceptive posts on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok. Research questions on providers (F1), content (F2), and quality of contraceptive posts (F3) as well as audience reactions (F4) will be answered.

          Materials and methods

          A sample of N = 1000 contraceptive posts from YouTube (500), Instagram (250), and TikTok (250) was drawn. A maximum of 20 contraception-related audience comments per post were included in the comment sample ( N = 12,454). Posts and comments were analyzed using reliability-tested codebooks. SPSS was used for data analysis. The study is preregistered and all data, materials, and analysis scripts are publicly available.

          Results

          The majority of contraceptive posts were found to be from health laypersons (52%), followed by media professionals and health professionals (F1). In terms of content, contraceptive posts covered all available contraceptive methods, with the pill (69%) and condoms (40%) dominating (F2). According to common quality criteria, there were clear deficits, with YouTube videos scoring best in comparison (F3). TikTok videos, on the other hand, were top performers in terms of audience interaction, attracting the most views, likes, and comments. Comment columns were often used by the audience to share their own contraceptive experiences or ask follow-up questions (F4).

          Discussion

          Future research as well as practice interventions are needed to further assess the quality of contraceptive information in social media and improve it in a more targeted way.

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          Most cited references31

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          DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices.

          To develop a short instrument, called DISCERN, which will enable patients and information providers to judge the quality of written information about treatment choices. DISCERN will also facilitate the production of new, high quality, evidence-based consumer health information. An expert panel, representing a range of expertise in consumer health information, generated criteria from a random sample of information for three medical conditions with varying degrees of evidence: myocardial infarction, endometriosis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. A graft instrument, based on this analysis, was tested by the panel on a random sample of new material for the same three conditions. The panel re-drafted the instrument to take account of the results of the test. The DISCERN instrument was finally tested by a national sample of 15 information providers and 13 self help group members on a random sample of leaflets from 19 major national self help organisations. Participants also completed an 8 item questionnaire concerning the face and content validity of the instrument. Chance corrected agreement (weighted kappa) for the overall quality rating was kappa = 0.53 (95% CI kappa = 0.48 to kappa = 0.59) among the expert panel, kappa = 0.40 (95% CI kappa = 0.36 to kappa = 0.43) among information providers, and kappa = 0.23 (95% CI kappa = 0.19 to kappa = 0.27) among self help group members. Higher agreement levels were associated with experience of using the instrument and with professional knowledge of consumer health information. Levels of agreement varied across individual items on the instrument, reflecting the need for subjectivity in rating certain criteria. The trends in levels of agreement were similar among all groups. The final instrument consisted of 15 questions plus an overall quality rating. Responses to the questionnaire after the final testing revealed the instrument to have good face and content validity and to be generally applicable. DISCERN is a reliable and valid instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information. While some subjectivity is required for rating certain criteria, the findings demonstrate that the instrument can be applied by experienced users and providers of health information to discriminate between publications of high and low quality. The instrument will also be of benefit to patients, though its use will be improved by training.
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            YouTube for information on rheumatoid arthritis--a wakeup call?

            Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common debilitating autoimmune disease, with unmet need for knowledge among patients and the general population. YouTube is a popular, consumer-generated, video-sharing website, which can be a source of information on RA. We investigated the quality of information on RA on YouTube and analyzed audience interaction. YouTube was searched using the term "Rheumatoid Arthritis," for videos uploaded on RA. Two physicians independently classified videos as useful, misleading, or patient views, and rated them on a 5-point global quality scale (GQS; 1 = poor quality, 5 = excellent quality). Useful videos were rated for reliability and content, on a 5-point scale (higher scores represent more reliable and comprehensive videos). Source of videos was also noted. Audience interaction was assessed through video viewership. A total of 102 relevant videos were identified; 54.9% were classified as useful (GQS 2.9 ± 1.0) and 30.4% deemed misleading (GQS 1.3 ± 1.6). Mean reliability and content score of useful videos was 3.2 (± 1.0) and 2.5 (± 1.2), respectively. All videos uploaded by university channels and professional organizations provided useful information but formed only 12.7% of total videos, whereas 73.9% of medical advertisements and videos by for-profit organizations were misleading. There was no difference in the viewership/day (10.0 vs 21.5; p = nonsignificant) of useful and misleading information. YouTube is a source of information on RA, of variable quality, with wide viewership and potential to influence patients' knowledge and behavior. Physicians and professional organizations should be aware of and embrace this evolving technology to raise awareness about RA, and empower patients to discriminate useful from misleading information.
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              Contraceptive methods: needs, options and utilization.

              Background-Contraception is the intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs or surgical procedures. An effective contraception allows a physical relationship without fear of an unwanted pregnancy and ensures freedom to have children when desired. The aim is to achieve contraception in maximum comfort and privacy, with minimum cost and side effects. Some methods, like male and female condoms, also provide twin advantage of protection from sexually transmitted diseases. The burden of unsafe abortion lies primarily in developing countries. Here, contraceptive prevalence is measured among currently married women of reproductive age, and levels have not yet reached those that exist in developed countries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                nicola.doering@tu-ilmenau.de
                Journal
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1436-9990
                1437-1588
                9 May 2023
                9 May 2023
                2023
                : 66
                : 9
                : 990-999
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.6553.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1087 7453, IfMK, , TU Ilmenau, ; Ehrenbergstraße 29, 98693 Ilmenau, Deutschland
                [2 ]Deutsche Gesellschaft für psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG), Dresden, Deutschland
                Article
                3698
                10.1007/s00103-023-03698-0
                10465624
                37160419
                6b9b3860-5f0c-4550-9c4e-5b33c0111340
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden.

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                History
                : 14 December 2022
                : 29 March 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Technische Universität Ilmenau (3141)
                Categories
                Originalien und Übersichten
                Custom metadata
                © Robert Koch-Institut 2023

                gesundheitsinformationen,verhütungsinformationen,informationsqualität,internet,mdiscern-index,health information,contraceptive information,information quality,mdiscern index

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