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Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial
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Abstract
<p xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="first" dir="auto"
id="d1777247e59">Zirconia ceramics have several advantages over other ceramic materials,
due to the
transformation toughening mechanisms operating in their microstructure that can give
to components made out of them, very interesting mechanical properties. The research
on the use of zirconia ceramics as biomaterials started about twenty years ago, and
now zirconia (Y-YZP) is in clinical use in THR, but developments are in progress for
application in other medical devices. Recent developments have concentrated on the
chemistry of precursors, in forming and sintering processes, and on surface finish
of components. Today's main applications of zirconia ceramics is in THR ball heads.
This review takes into account the main results achieved up to now, and is focused
on the role that microstructural characteristics play on the TZP ceramics behaviour
in ball heads, namely mechanical properties and their stability, wear of the UHMWPE
paired to TZP, and their influence on biocompatibility.
</p>