Effects of Cadmium on Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities ofErica andevalensis

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Abstract

We evaluated the effects of cadmium on phenolic composition of Erica andevalensis, an endemic protected heather that grows in mine affected soils. Plants cultivated under laboratory-controlled conditions were exposed to acute doses of cadmium to investigate the mechanisms this species possesses to survive in the presence of toxic metals in its natural habitat. Cadmium increased the total levels of phenolics and flavonoids compounds, and the total antioxidant capacity. Cinnamic acid derivatives, epicatechin, and rutin were increased in the presence of cadmium when applied in levels that did not alter the ratio of chlorophylls. Phenolic compounds play an important role in the metabolism of E. andevalensisto survive in heavy metal polluted soils.

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Most cited references 19

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Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis.

S Clemens (2001)

Transition metals such as copper are essential for many physiological processes yet can be toxic at elevated levels. Other metals (e.g. lead) are nonessential and potentially highly toxic. Plants--like all other organisms--possess homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the correct concentrations of essential metal ions in different cellular compartments and to minimize the damage from exposure to nonessential metal ions. A regulated network of metal transport, chelation, trafficking and sequestration activities functions to provide the uptake, distribution and detoxification of metal ions. Some of the components of this network have now been identified: a number of uptake transporters have been cloned as well as candidate transporters for the vacuolar sequestration of metals. Chelators and chaperones are known, and evidence for intracellular metal trafficking is emerging. This recent progress in the molecular understanding of plant metal homeostasis and tolerance is reviewed.

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Plant phenolic antioxidant and prooxidant activities: phenolics-induced oxidative damage mediated by metals in plants.

Yasuko Sakihama, Michael F Cohen, Stephen C Grace … (2002)

Plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and lignin precursors are important constituents of the human diet. These dietary phytophenolics have been recognized largely as beneficial antioxidants that can scavenge harmful active oxygen species including O(2)(.-), H(2)O(2), .OH, and (1)O(2). Here we review our current understanding of the antioxidant and prooxidant actions of phenolics in plant cells. In plant systems, phytophenolics can act as antioxidants by donating electrons to guaiacol-type peroxidases (GuPXs) for the detoxification of H(2)O(2) produced under stress conditions. As a result of such enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant reactions, phenoxyl radicals are formed as the primary oxidized products. Until recently, phenoxyl radicals had been difficult to detect by static electron spin resonance (ESR) because they rapidly change to non-radical products. Application of Zn exerts spin-stabilizing effects on phenoxyl radicals that enables us to analyze the formation and decay kinetics of the radicals. The ESR signals of phenoxyl radicals are eliminated by monodehydroascorbate radical (MDA) reductase, suggesting that phenoxyl radicals, like the ascorbate radical, are enzymatically recycled to parent phenolics. Thus, phenolics in plant cells can form an antioxidant system equivalent to that of ascorbate. In contrast to their antioxidant activity, phytophenolics also have the potential to act as prooxidants under certain conditions. For example, flavonoids and dihydroxycinnamic acids can nick DNA via the production of radicals in the presence of Cu and O(2). Phenoxyl radicals can also initiate lipid peroxidation. Recently, Al, Zn, Ca, Mg and Cd have been found to stimulate phenoxyl radical-induced lipid peroxidation. We discuss the mechanism of phenoxyl radical prooxidant activity in terms of lifetime prolongation by spin-stabilizing agents.

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S C-S Wong, Wey L Leong, J WILLIAMKOH (2006)

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Journal of Botany

Abbreviated Title: Journal of Botany

Publisher: Hindawi Limited

ISSN (Print): 2090-0120

ISSN (Electronic): 2090-0139

Publication date Created: 2012

Publication date (Print): 2012

Volume: 2012

Issue:

Pages: 1-6

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2012/936950

SO-VID: 5e54b22a-6e24-48a7-994b-8faf7a4b39ce

License:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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