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      Globalização, política interna e gasto social na América Latina: uma Análise de corte transversal com série temporal, 1973-1997 Translated title: Globalization, domestic politics and social spending in Latin America: a time-series cross-section analysis, 1973-1997 Translated title: Globalisation, politique intérieure et dépense sociale en Amérique Latine: analyse transversale d’une série temporelle, 1973-1997

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          Translated abstract

          This study examines the effects of globalization, democratization, and partisanship on social spending in 14 Latin American countries from 1973 to 1997, using a pooled time-series error-correction model. Weexamine three sets of issues. First, following debates in the literature on OECD countries, we want to know whether social spending has been encouraged or constrained by integration into global markets. Within this context, we examine the extent to which such outcomes might be influenced by two additional sets of domestic political and institutional factors discussed in work on developed countries: the electoral pressures of democratic institutions, and whether or not popularly-based governments are in power. We show that trade integration has a consistently negative effect on aggregate social spending, and that this is compounded by openness to capital markets. This is the strongest and most robust finding in our study. Neither democratic nor popularly-based governments consistently affect overall social spending. We then disaggregate spending into social security transfers and expenditures health and education. We find that popularly-based governments tend to protect social security transfers, which tend to flow disproportionately to their unionized constituencies, but have a negative impact on health and education spending. Conversely, the change to democracy leads to increases in health and education spending, which reaches a larger segment of the population. We conclude by emphasizing the contrasting political logics of the different types of social spending.

          Translated abstract

          Cette étude analyse les effets de la globalisation, de la démocratisation et de la nouvelle donne politique sur les dépenses sociales dans 14 pays de l’Amérique Latine de 1973 à 1997. Nous y examinons trois types de réponses. D’abord, suivant les discussions au sein des pays de l’OCDE, nous cherchons à savoir si les investissements sociaux ont été encouragés ou contraints par l’intégration de ces pays dans les marchés globaux. Dans ce contexte, nous étudions jusqu’à quel point ces conséquences pouvaient être influencées par deux autres ensembles de facteurs internes (politiques et institutionnels) agissant dans des pays développés: les pressions électorales des institutions démocratiques et si les gouvernements au pouvoir avaient-ils, oui ou non, une base populaire. Nous démontrons que l’intégration commerciale a eu un effet assez négatif sur l’agrégat de dépenses sociales que l’ouverture à des marchés de capital ne fait que renforcer. La conclusion la plus importante de notre étude étant donc que la variable gouvernement démocratique X gouvernement populaire n’affecte pas le montant de l’investissement social. Nous avons donc désagréger les investissement en sécurité social des Etats de leurs budgets santé et éducation. L’analyse a ainsi révélé la tendance des gouvernements populaires à protéger les transferts de capitaux vers la sécurité sociale, quand même son partage entre les personnes cotisant serait inéquitable et son impact sur les dépenses avec la santé et l’éducation des populations négatif. En revanche, dans certains pays, le processus de démocratisation a entraîné un accroissement de la dépense avec la santé et l’éducation de leurs citoyens, ce qui a bénéficié un segment plus large de la population. Nous soulignons donc les logiques contrastées de ces différents types de dépense sociale.

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          What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data

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            The New Politics of the Welfare State

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              The Correlates of Change in International Financial Regulation

              With which political and economic variables is change in international financial regulation robustly associated? I undertook multivariate regression analysis of this question using a quantitative measure of the regulation of international financial transactions. The measure was created by coding the laws of 64 nations. The associations between change in international financial regulation and measures of long-run economic growth, corporate taxation, government expenditures, and income inequality are estimated, using the models, methods, and data of Batro (1991), Deininger and Squire (1996a), Leamer (1983, 1985), and Levine and Renelt (1992). The findings point to a new agenda for research on international financial regulation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                s_dados
                Dados
                Dados
                Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos (IESP) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0011-5258
                2001
                : 44
                : 3
                : 435-479
                Article
                S0011-52582001000300001 S0011-5258(01)04400301
                5d274217-ff57-4532-b417-66215f689dce

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : June 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 45
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                SciELO Brazil

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                globalization,social spending,Latin America,Amérique Latine,globalisation,dépense sociale

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