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      Surface functionalized electrospun fibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) membranes and sleeves: a novel approach for fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

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          Abstract

          Effective osteointegration for fixation of the tendon to bone junction is the most important issue in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

          Abstract

          Effective osteointegration for fixation of the tendon to bone junction is the most important issue in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In this study, functionalized electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) membranes and sleeves were prepared and evaluated for the fixation of the tendon to bone junction. The electrospun fibrous PHB membranes were modified with hydrogen peroxide, dopamine (DA), chitosan (CS), glutaraldehyde (GA), and then immobilized with growth factors (GFs) from platelet rich plasma (PRP). The water-contact angle measurement showed enhanced wettability in the membranes after the sequential surface functionalization. Successful graftings of DA, CS and GFs from PRP on the membrane surface were demonstrated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ninhydrin assay revealed the amount of immobilized TGF-β1 and PDFG-AB. The modified membranes showed good biocompatibility in an in vitrorabbit tenocyte cultivation study, as the cells showed good attachment and proliferation activity. Significant increases in extracellular matrix and gene expression of type I collagen were observed when the membrane surface was treated with the GFs from PRP. In a rabbit model, the tendon to bone junction was filled with newly formed fibrocartilage and osteointegration behavior was observed. This suggests that the use of functionalized PHB sleeves can enhance tendon to bone healing and the tendon sleeves might provide a novel method for ACL reconstruction.

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          Most cited references32

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          Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate.

          Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) comprise a large class of polyesters that are synthesized by many bacteria as an intracellular carbon and energy compound. Analysis of isolated PHAs reveal interesting properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Research was focused only recently on the application of PHA in implants, scaffolds in tissue engineering, or as drug carriers. Such applications require that PHA be produced at a constant and reproducible quality. To date this can be achieved best through bacterial production in continuous culture where growth conditions are kept constant (chemostat). Recently, it was found that PHA producing bacteria are able to grow simultaneously limited by carbon and nitrogen substrates. Thus, it became possible to produce PHA at high yields on toxic substrate and also control its composition accurately (tailor-made synthesis). Finally, applications of PHA in medicine are discussed.
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            Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. A biomechanical and histological study in the dog.

            Our study evaluated tendon-to-bone healing in a dog model. Twenty adult mongrel dogs had a transplantation of the long digital extensor tendon into a 4.8-millimeter drill-hole in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Four dogs were killed at each of five time-periods (two, four, eight, twelve, and twenty-six weeks after the transplantation), and the histological and biomechanical characteristics of the tendon-bone interface were evaluated. Serial histological analysis revealed progressive reestablishment of collagen-fiber continuity between the bone and the tendon. A layer of cellular, fibrous tissue was noted between the tendon and the bone, along the length of the bone tunnel; this layer progressively matured and reorganized during the healing process. The collagen fibers that attached the tendon to the bone resembled Sharpey fibers. High-resolution radiographs showed remodeling of the trabecular bone that surrounded the tendon. At the two, four, and eight-week time-periods, all specimens had failed by pull-out of the tendon from the bone tunnel. The strength of the interface was noted to have significantly and progressively increased between the second and the twelfth week after the transplantation. At the twelve and twenty-six-week time-periods, all specimens had failed by pull-out of the tendon from the clamp or by mid-substance rupture of the tendon. The progressive increase in strength was correlated with the degree of bone ingrowth, mineralization, and maturation of the healing tissue, noted histologically.
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              General functionalization route for cell adhesion on non-wetting surfaces.

              We present a versatile route for promoting cell adhesion and viability on various non-wetting surfaces, inspired by mussel adhesion mechanism. The oxidative polymerization of dopamine, a small designer molecule of the DOPA-K motif found in mussels, results in the formation of a poly(dopamine) ad-layer on any material surface. We found that the poly(dopamine) coating can promote cell adhesion on any type of material surfaces including the well-known anti-adhesive substrate, poly(tetrafluoroethylene). According to our results, mammalian cells well adhered and underwent general cell adhesion processes (i.e., attachment to substrate, spreading, and cytoskeleton development) on poly(dopamine)-modified surfaces, while they barely adhered and spread on unmodified non-wetting surfaces. The mussel-inspired surface functionalization strategy is extremely useful because it does not require the time-consuming synthesis of complex linkers and the process is solvent-free and non-toxic. Therefore, it can be a powerful route for converting a variety of bioinert substrates into bioactive ones. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JMCBDV
                Journal of Materials Chemistry B
                J. Mater. Chem. B
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-750X
                2050-7518
                2017
                2017
                : 5
                : 3
                : 553-564
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Bone and Joint Research Center
                [2 ]Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
                [3 ]Taipei Medical University Hospital
                [4 ]Taipei 11031
                [5 ]Republic of China
                [6 ]Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
                [7 ]Yuan Ze University
                [8 ]Taoyuan 32003
                [9 ]Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
                Article
                10.1039/C6TB02671K
                5857c77c-5722-483b-a92b-b8d7e334376b
                © 2017
                History

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