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      Molecular biology of histidine decarboxylase and prostaglandin receptors

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          Abstract

          Histamine and prostaglandins (PGs) play a variety of physiological roles as autacoids, which function in the vicinity of their sources and maintain local homeostasis in the body. They stimulate target cells by acting on their specific receptors, which are coupled to trimeric G proteins. For the precise understanding of the physiological roles of histamine and PGs, it is necessary to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in their synthesis as well as their receptor-mediated responses. We cloned the cDNAs for mouse l-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and 6 mouse prostanoid receptors (4 PGE 2 receptors, PGF receptor, and PGI receptor). We then characterized the expression patterns and functions of these genes. Furthermore, we established gene-targeted mouse strains for HDC and PG receptors to explore the novel pathophysiological roles of histamine and PGs. We have here summarized our research, which should contribute to progress in the molecular biology of HDC and PG receptors.

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          Prostanoid receptors: structures, properties, and functions.

          Shuh Narumiya, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Fumitaka Ushikubi (1999)
          Prostanoids are the cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid and include prostaglandin (PG) D(2), PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), PGI(2), and thromboxne A(2). They are synthesized and released upon cell stimulation and act on cells in the vicinity of their synthesis to exert their actions. Receptors mediating the actions of prostanoids were recently identified and cloned. They are G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. There are eight types and subtypes of prostanoid receptors that are encoded by different genes but as a whole constitute a subfamily in the superfamily of the rhodopsin-type receptors. Each of the receptors was expressed in cultured cells, and its ligand-binding properties and signal transduction pathways were characterized. Moreover, domains and amino acid residues conferring the specificities of ligand binding and signal transduction are being clarified. Information also is accumulating as to the distribution of these receptors in the body. It is also becoming clear for some types of receptors how expression of their genes is regulated. Furthermore, the gene for each of the eight types of prostanoid receptor has been disrupted, and mice deficient in each type of receptor are being examined to identify and assess the roles played by each receptor under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this article, we summarize these findings and attempt to give an overview of the current status of research on the prostanoid receptors.
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            EP3 prostaglandin receptors in the median preoptic nucleus are critical for fever responses.

            Michael Lazarus, Kyoko Yoshida, Roberto Coppari … (2007)
            Fever is a result of the action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the brain and appears to require EP3 prostaglandin receptors (EP3Rs), but the specific neurons on which PGE2 acts to produce fever have not been definitively established. Here we report that selective genetic deletion of the EP3Rs in the median preoptic nucleus of mice resulted in abrogation of the fever response. These observations demonstrate that the EP3R-bearing neurons in the median preoptic nucleus are required for fever responses.
            Article 0 comments Cited 98 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor.

              Y Sugimoto, A Yamasaki, E Segi … (1997)
              Mice lacking the gene encoding the receptor for prostaglandin F2alpha (FP) developed normally but were unable to deliver normal fetuses at term. Although these FP-deficient mice showed no abnormality in the estrous cycle, ovulation, fertilization, or implantation, they did not respond to exogenous oxytocin because of the lack of induction of oxytocin receptor (a proposed triggering event in parturition), and they did not show the normal decline of serum progesterone concentrations that precedes parturition. Ovariectomy at day 19 of pregnancy restored induction of the oxytocin receptor and permitted successful delivery in the FP-deficient mice. These results indicate that parturition is initiated when prostaglandin F2alpha interacts with FP in ovarian luteal cells of the pregnant mice to induce luteolysis.
              Article 0 comments Cited 94 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PJAB
                Title: Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
                Publisher: The Japan Academy (Tokyo, Japan )
                ISSN (Print): 0386-2208
                ISSN (Electronic): 1349-2896
                Publication date (Print): 8 October 2010
                Volume: 86
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 848-866
                Affiliations
                [*1 ]Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
                [*2 ]Institute for Biosciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Hyogo, Japan.
                [*3 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
                [*4 ]Department of Immunochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
                Author notes
                [† ]Correspondence should be addressed: A. Ichikawa, Institute for Biosciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Kyu-ban cho, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan (e-mail: aichikaw@mukogawa-u.ac.jp).

                (Communicated by Osamu HAYAISHI, M.J.A.)

                Article
                Publisher ID: pjab-86-848
                DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.848
                PMC ID: 3037517
                PubMed ID: 20948178
                SO-VID: 57862e6c-54ce-4a8d-aa82-151d81a9520d
                Copyright © © 2010 The Japan Academy
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 3 March 2010
                Date accepted : 22 July 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: histamine,histidine decarboxylase,prostaglandin,prostaglandin receptors,mast cell,inflammation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: histamine, histidine decarboxylase, prostaglandin, prostaglandin receptors, mast cell, inflammation

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