Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Living with HIV in Western Washington: Examining Lived Experiences of Social Distancing Stress, Personal Buffers, and Mental Health

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Abstract

Pandemic-related stressors may disproportionately affect the mental health of people with HIV (PWH). Stratified, purposive sampling was used to recruit 24 PWH who participated in a quantitative survey on COVID-19 experiences for in-depth interviews (IDIs). IDIs were conducted by Zoom, audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to develop an adapted stress-coping model. Participants experienced acute stress following exposure events and symptoms compatible with COVID-19. Social isolation and job loss were longer-term stressors. While adaptive coping strategies helped promote mental health, participants who experienced multiple stressors simultaneously often felt overwhelmed and engaged in maladaptive coping behaviors. Healthcare providers were important sources of social support and provided continuity in care and referrals to mental health and social services. Understanding how PWH experienced stressors and coped during the COVID-19 pandemic can help healthcare providers connect with patients during future public health emergencies, address mental health needs and support adaptive coping strategies.

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The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10461-024-04273-7.

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Most cited references 32

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Using thematic analysis in psychology

Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke (2015)

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Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nader Salari, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Rostam Jalali … (2020)

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Results The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3–35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–40.6). Conclusion COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

Richard S. Lazarus, Susan Folkman (1984)

Here is a monumental work that continues in the tradition pioneered by co-author Richard Lazarus in his classic book Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. Dr. Lazarus and his collaborator, Dr. Susan Folkman, present here a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping which have become major themes of theory and investigation.As an integrative theoretical analysis, this volume pulls together two decades of research and thought on issues in behavioral medicine, emotion, stress management, treatment, and life span development. A selective review of the most pertinent literature is included in each chapter. The total reference listing for the book extends to 60 pages.This work is necessarily multidisciplinary, reflecting the many dimensions of stress-related problems and their situation within a complex social context. While the emphasis is on psychological aspects of stress, the book is oriented towards professionals in various disciplines, as well as advanced students and educated laypersons. The intended audience ranges from psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, and social workers to sociologists, anthropologists, medical researchers, and physiologists.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Susan M. Graham:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-8686

grahamsm@uw.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): AIDS Behav

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): AIDS Behav

Title: AIDS and Behavior

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 1090-7165

ISSN (Electronic): 1573-3254

Publication date (Electronic): 16 March 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 16 March 2024

Publication date (Print): 2024

Volume: 28

Issue: 6

Pages: 1822-1833

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.266100.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2107 4242, University of California, ; San Diego, CA USA

[2 ]University of Washington, ( https://ror.org/00cvxb145) Seattle, WA USA

[3 ]University of Toronto, ( https://ror.org/03dbr7087) Toronto, ON Canada

[4 ]National AIDS Control Council (NACC), ( https://ror.org/01qk32r63) Nairobi, Kenya

[5 ]Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, ( https://ror.org/04b6nzv94) Boston, MA USA

[6 ]GRID grid.270240.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2180 1622, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, ; Seattle, WA USA

Author information

Susan M. Graham http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-8686

Article

Publisher ID: 4273

DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04273-7

PMC ID: 11161538

PubMed ID: 38493281

SO-VID: 4ac01423-0fcc-41f4-a72a-855e12f55cb9

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date accepted : 22 January 2024

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007813, Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington;

Award ID: P30AI027757

Funded by: NIMH

Award ID: P30MH123248

Award Recipient : Susan M. Graham

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: covid-19 pandemic,hiv,mental health,coping

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: covid-19 pandemic, hiv, mental health, coping

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Living with HIV in Western Washington: Examining Lived Experiences of Social Distancing Stress, Personal Buffers, and Mental Health

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 32

Using thematic analysis in psychology

Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

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