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      Indicators for Healthy Ageing — A Debate

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          Abstract

          Definitions of healthy ageing include survival to a specific age, being free of chronic diseases, autonomy in activities of daily living, wellbeing, good quality of life, high social participation, only mild cognitive or functional impairment, and little or no disability. The working group Epidemiology of Ageing of the German Association of Epidemiology organized a workshop in 2012 with the aim to present different indicators used in German studies and to discuss their impact on health for an ageing middle-European population. Workshop presentations focused on prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, development of healthy life expectancy at the transition to oldest-age, physical activity, assessment of cognitive capability, and functioning and disability in old age. The communication describes the results regarding specific indicators for Germany, and hereby contributes to the further development of a set of indicators for the assessment of healthy ageing.

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          Mortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?

          E. Crimmins, H. Beltrán-Sánchez (2010)
          This paper reviews trends in mortality and morbidity to evaluate whether there has been a compression of morbidity. Review of recent research and analysis of recent data for the United States relating mortality change to the length of life without 1 of 4 major diseases or loss of mobility functioning. Mortality declines have slowed down in the United States in recent years, especially for women. The prevalence of disease has increased. Age-specific prevalence of a number of risk factors representing physiological status has stayed relatively constant; where risks decline, increased usage of effective drugs is responsible. Mobility functioning has deteriorated. Length of life with disease and mobility functioning loss has increased between 1998 and 2008. Empirical findings do not support recent compression of morbidity when morbidity is defined as major disease and mobility functioning loss.
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            The dimensions of health outcomes: the health assessment questionnaire, disability and pain scales.

            J F Fries, P Spitz, D Y Young (2015)
            Article 0 comments Cited 151 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Barriers to physical activity in older adults in Germany: a cross-sectional study

              Anna Moschny, Petra Platen, Renate Klaaßen-Mielke … (2011)
              Background Data on barriers to physical activity in older adults in Germany are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse barriers to physical activity in a cohort of older adults, allowing comparisons between men and women, and age groups. Methods 1,937 older adults with a median age of 77 (range 72-93) years (53.3% female) took part in the 7-year follow-up telephone interviews of the getABI cohort. Participants who stated that they did not get enough physical activity were surveyed with respect to barriers to physical activity. Barriers were analysed for all respondents, as well as by sex and age group for cases with complete data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate differences between sexes and age groups. The level of significance (alpha < 0.05) was adjusted for multiple testing according to Bonferroni (p < .004). Results 1,607 (83.0%) participants stated that they were sufficiently physically active. 286 participants rated their physical activity as insufficient and responded to questions on barriers to physical activity completely. The three most frequently cited barriers were poor health (57.7%), lack of company (43.0%), and lack of interest (36.7%). Lack of opportunities for sports or leisure activities (30.3% vs. 15.6%), and lack of transport (29.0% vs. 7.1%) were more frequently stated by female respondents than male respondents. These differences between men and women were significant (p = .003; p < .001) after adjustment for respondents' age. Analyses by age groups revealed that poor health was more frequently considered a barrier to physical activity by participants aged 80+ years compared to the younger age group (71.1% vs. 51.5%). This age-dependent difference was significant (p = .002) irrespective of the participants' sex. Conclusions The present study provides relevant data on barriers to physical activity in older adults. By revealing appreciable differences between men and women, and age groups, this study has implications for efforts to increase older adults' physical activity. Promotion and intervention strategies should consider the barriers and tailor measures to the specific needs of older adults in order to reduce their constraints to physical activity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 November 2013
                Publication date (Print): December 2013
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 6630-6644
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, D-12101 Berlin, Germany; E-Mail: Scheidt-NaveC@ 123456rki.de
                [2 ]Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zaech Strasse 4, CH-6207 Nottwil, Switzerland; E-Mail: timo.hinrichs@ 123456paraplegie.ch
                [3 ]Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum; Germany
                [4 ]Bundesinstitut für Bevoelkerungsforschung (BiB), Federal Institute for Population Research, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, D-65185 Wiesbaden, Germany; E-Mail: andreas.mergenthaler@ 123456bib.bund.de
                [5 ]Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; E-Mails: Janine.Stein@ 123456medizin.uni-leipzig.de (J.S.); Steffi.Riedel-Heller@ 123456medizin.uni-leipzig.de (S.G.R.-H.)
                [6 ]Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany; E-Mail: Eva.Grill@ 123456med.uni-muenchen.de
                Author notes
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: FuchsJ@ 123456rki.de ; Tel.: +49-30-187-543-169; Fax: +49-30-187-543-211.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-10-06630
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10126630
                PMC ID: 3881131
                PubMed ID: 24317381
                SO-VID: 4985e0c7-aa98-43d7-8963-6f36831fe966
                Copyright © © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 02 September 2013
                Date revision received : 05 November 2013
                Date accepted : 19 November 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: old age,health,germany,methodology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: old age, health, germany, methodology

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