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      Trusting Government to Mitigate a New Hazard: The Case of Oklahoma Earthquakes

      , ,
      Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          This paper examines individual‐level perceptions of knowledge levels, responsibility, and trust in the government's ability and willingness to mitigate the newfound earthquake hazard in Oklahoma. These earthquakes have increased in number and intensity since 2010 and are largely believed to be a by‐product of wastewater injection wells from oil drilling, making them a new, politically complex hazard for residents to navigate. We conducted household level surveys with two communities in Oklahoma to examine the relationship between (a) an individual's belief that state and local government is knowledgeable about the new earthquake hazard; (b) individual perception that state and local government is responsible for protecting them from the earthquake hazard; and (c) their level of trust in state and local government's ability and willingness to mitigate the hazard. We find that individuals who perceive state and local government as more knowledge about the hazard, or more responsible for protecting them from the hazard, have a higher level of trust in government's ability and willingness to mitigate the earthquake hazard.

          摘要

          本文针对俄克拉荷马州新发现的地震危害,检验了个人对政府缓解危害的能力和意愿的认识程度、责任以及信任程度的感知。俄克拉荷马州地震数量自2010年以来持续增长,地震强度不断加大,据说很大程度上这是由于石油钻井后废水注入衍生的副产品,因此地震成为当地居民面临的新危害,且该危害具有政治复杂性。笔者在俄克拉荷马州两个社区内实施了家庭调查,试图检验三个方面之间的关系,这三个方面分别是:1.个人相信国家和地方政府对新地震危害掌握了足够多的知识;2.个人感知国家和地方政府有责任保护他们不受地震危害;3.个人在多大程度上相信国家和地方政府有能力和意愿去缓解危害。研究结果发现,那些认为国家和地方政府了解危害,且有责任保护他们不受危害的个人,更容易相信政府有能力和意愿缓解地震危害。

          Resumen

          Este documento examina las percepciones a nivel individual de los niveles de conocimiento, responsabilidad y confianza en la habilidad y voluntad del gobierno de mitigar el nuevo peligro de terremotos en Oklahoma. Estos terremotos han incrementado en cantidad e intensidad desde 2010 y se cree más que todo que son un efecto secundario de la inyección de agua residual utilizada para la perforación petrolera, creando un nuevo peligro políticamente complejo con el que los locales tienen que lidiar. Llevamos a cabo encuestas de nivel con dos comunidades en Oklahoma para examinar la relación entre a) la creencia de un individuo que el gobierno estatal y local es consciente del nuevo peligro de terremoto, b) la percepción individual que el gobierno estatal y local es responsable de proteger a la gente de un peligro de terremoto y c) su nivel de confianza en la habilidad y voluntad del gobierno estatal y local para mitigar el peligro. Encontramos que los individuos que perciben al gobierno estatal y local como más conocedor del peligro, o más responsable de protegerlos del peligro, tienen más confianza en la habilidad y voluntad del gobierno para mitigar el peligro de terremoto.

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          Most cited references73

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          Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital

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            The risk perception paradox--implications for governance and communication of natural hazards.

            This article reviews the main insights from selected literature on risk perception, particularly in connection with natural hazards. It includes numerous case studies on perception and social behavior dealing with floods, droughts, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, wild fires, and landslides. The review reveals that personal experience of a natural hazard and trust--or lack of trust--in authorities and experts have the most substantial impact on risk perception. Cultural and individual factors such as media coverage, age, gender, education, income, social status, and others do not play such an important role but act as mediators or amplifiers of the main causal connections between experience, trust, perception, and preparedness to take protective actions. When analyzing the factors of experience and trust on risk perception and on the likeliness of individuals to take preparedness action, the review found that a risk perception paradox exists in that it is assumed that high risk perception will lead to personal preparedness and, in the next step, to risk mitigation behavior. However, this is not necessarily true. In fact, the opposite can occur if individuals with high risk perception still choose not to personally prepare themselves in the face of a natural hazard. Therefore, based on the results of the review, this article offers three explanations suggesting why this paradox might occur. These findings have implications for future risk governance and communication as well as for the willingness of individuals to invest in risk preparedness or risk mitigation actions. © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.
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              Trust and distrust in organizations: emerging perspectives, enduring questions.

              R Kramer (1999)
              Scholarly interest in the study of trust and distrust in organizations has grown dramatically over the past five years. This interest has been fueled, at least in part, by accumulating evidence that trust has a number of important benefits for organizations and their members. A primary aim of this review is to assess the state of this rapidly growing literature. The review examines recent progress in conceptualizing trust and distrust in organizational theory, and also summarizes evidence regarding the myriad benefits of trust within organizational systems. The review also describes different forms of trust found in organizations, and the antecedent conditions that produce them. Although the benefits of trust are well-documented, creating and sustaining trust is often difficult. Accordingly, the chapter concludes by examining some of the psychological, social, and institutional barriers to the production of trust.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy
                Risk Hazard & Crisis Pub Pol
                Wiley
                1944-4079
                1944-4079
                September 2018
                April 24 2018
                September 2018
                : 9
                : 3
                : 357-380
                Article
                10.1002/rhc3.12141
                47c28823-2930-4c17-bf10-41c6e2718470
                © 2018

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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