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      Identificación de rizobios promotores del crecimiento vegetal asociados a garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) Translated title: Rizobia identification promoters of the vegetable growth associated to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. Rhizobium ha sido utilizado como estimulador del crecimiento en leguminosas. Diferentes especies de este grupo se asocian al garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.), por lo que resulta importante obtener aislados con capacidad de beneficiar su crecimiento y productividad. Objetivo. Seleccionar e identificar aislados de Rhizobium sp. en cuanto a sus atributos como rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal con mayor efectividad en su asociación a cultivares de garbanzo. Materiales y métodos. Los estudios se realizaron entre los años 2017-2020, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, La Habana, Cuba. Se identificaron por secuenciación del gen 16S ARN tres cepas de rizobios, obtenidas de nódulos de garbanzo y se caracterizaron por su potencial como bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal. Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de campo en dos campañas para demostrar su efectividad en la interacción con las plantas. Para los experimentos en condiciones de laboratorio se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, mientras que los ensayos en campo se realizaron bajo un diseño de bloques al azar, en ambos casos se realizó un análisis de varianza. Resultados. Las tres cepas bacterianas asociadas al garbanzo e identificadas como Rhizobium sp., fijaron nitrógeno atmosférico, solubilizaron fosfato de calcio, liberaron fitohormonas y fueron capaces de inhibir el crecimiento de Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum y Fusarium moniliforme. La inoculación en el garbanzo, incrementó la nodulación y las variables de rendimiento del cultivo número de vainas por planta y masa fresca de los granos (g). Conclusión. Se identificaron cepas de Rhizobium sp. con atributos como bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal asociadas a cultivares nacionales de garbanzo que incrementaron su nodulación y rendimiento.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. Rhizobium has been used as a growth stimulator in leguminous. Different species of this group are associated with chickpea (Cicer arietium L.), so it is important to obtain isolated with capacity of benefitting their growth and productivity. Objective. To select and identify isolates of Rhizobium sp. in terms of their attributes as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria with greater effectiveness in their association with chickpea cultivars. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out during the years 2017-2020, at the Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro of Humboldt”, Havana, Cuba. Three rhizobia strains, obtained from chickpea nodules were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing and characterized for their potential as growth-promoting bacteria. An experiment was carried out in field conditions in two campaigns to demonstrate their effectiveness in the interaction with plants. For the experiments under laboratory conditions a completely randomized design was used, while the field trials were conducted under a randomized block design, in both cases an analysis of variance was performed. Results. The three bacterial strains associated with chickpea and identified as Rhizobium sp. fixed atmospheric nitrogen, solubilized calcium phosphate, released phytohormones and were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium moniliforme. Inoculation in chickpea increased the nodulation and the crop yield variables such as number of pods per plant and fresh grain mass (g). Conclusions. Rhizobium sp. strains were identified with attributes as plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with national chickpea cultivars, that increased their nodulation and yield.

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          An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.

          A novel defined microbiological growth medium, National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate growth medium (NBRIP), which is more efficient than Pikovskaya medium (PVK), was developed for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. In plate assay the efficiency of NBRIP was comparable to PVK; however, in broth assay NBRIP consistently demonstrated about 3-fold higher efficiency compared to PVK. The results indicated that the criterion for isolation of phosphate solubilizers based on the formation of visible halo/zone on agar plates is not a reliable technique, as many isolates which did not show any clear zone on agar plates solubilized insoluble inorganic phosphates in liquid medium. It may be concluded that soil microbes should be screened in NBRIP broth assay for the identification of the most efficient phosphate solubilizers.
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            Portraying mechanics of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): A review

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              Chilling and Drought Stresses in Crop Plants: Implications, Cross Talk, and Potential Management Opportunities

              Plants face a combination of different abiotic stresses under field conditions which are lethal to plant growth and production. Simultaneous occurrence of chilling and drought stresses in plants due to the drastic and rapid global climate changes, can alter the morphological, physiological and molecular responses. Both these stresses adversely affect the plant growth and yields due to physical damages, physiological and biochemical disruptions, and molecular changes. In general, the co-occurrence of chilling and drought combination is even worse for crop production rather than an individual stress condition. Plants attain various common and different physiological and molecular protective approaches for tolerance under chilling and drought stresses. Nevertheless, plant responses to a combination of chilling and drought stresses are unique from those to individual stress. In the present review, we summarized the recent evidence on plant responses to chilling and drought stresses on shared as well as unique basis and tried to find a common thread potentially underlying these responses. We addressed the possible cross talk between plant responses to these stresses and discussed the potential management strategies for regulating the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought and/or chilling stresses. To date, various novel approaches have been tested in minimizing the negative effects of combine stresses. Despite of the main improvements there is still a big room for improvement in combination of drought and chilling tolerance. Thus, future researches particularly using biotechnological and molecular approaches should be carried out to develop genetically engineered plants with enhanced tolerance against these stress factors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                am
                Agronomía Mesoamericana
                Agron. Mesoam
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1659-1321
                2215-3608
                August 2023
                : 34
                : 2
                : 50929
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameCentro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos (CNRG) México lilyzelayam@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                [2] orgnameInstituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt” (INIFAT) Cuba dpagrobiotec@ 123456inifat.co.cu
                [4] orgnameCentro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos (CNRG) México ing.juanlara@ 123456yahoo.com
                [6] La Habana orgnameInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas Cuba tere@ 123456inca.edu.cu
                [1] orgnameInstituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt” (INIFAT) Cuba subdircientifica@ 123456inifat.co.cu
                [5] orgnameCentro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos (CNRG) México arteaga.ramon@ 123456inifap.gob.mx
                Article
                S1659-13212023000200002 S1659-1321(23)03400200002
                10.15517/am.v34i2.50929
                452b0ed2-7851-429e-85f0-245ee465e9a5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 August 2022
                : 25 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Artículos

                taxonomía,caracterización,nodulación,selección,rendimiento,taxonomy,characterization,nodulation,selection,yield

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