Bacterial photosynthesis: state-of-the-art in light-driven carbon fixation in engineered bacteria

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Abstract

<p class="first" id="d409639e75">Light-driven carbon fixation is a promising option for reducing carbon emissions and alleviating the energy crisis. However, light energy conversion is a major limitation for supporting efficient downstream CO2 fixation pathways. Based on biomimetic technology and synthetic biology, we elaborate on new light-driven technologies in engineered bacteria from three aspects: light energy capture, reducing power generation, and energy generation. In this review, we focus on the current progress in light-driven carbon fixation and discuss new methods with great potential for industrial bioproduction, providing guidance for the development and improvement of bacterial light-driven platforms to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals. </p>

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Redesigning photosynthesis to sustainably meet global food and bioenergy demand.

Donald Ort, Sabeeha Merchant, Jean Alric … (2015)

The world's crop productivity is stagnating whereas population growth, rising affluence, and mandates for biofuels put increasing demands on agriculture. Meanwhile, demand for increasing cropland competes with equally crucial global sustainability and environmental protection needs. Addressing this looming agricultural crisis will be one of our greatest scientific challenges in the coming decades, and success will require substantial improvements at many levels. We assert that increasing the efficiency and productivity of photosynthesis in crop plants will be essential if this grand challenge is to be met. Here, we explore an array of prospective redesigns of plant systems at various scales, all aimed at increasing crop yields through improved photosynthetic efficiency and performance. Prospects range from straightforward alterations, already supported by preliminary evidence of feasibility, to substantial redesigns that are currently only conceptual, but that may be enabled by new developments in synthetic biology. Although some proposed redesigns are certain to face obstacles that will require alternate routes, the efforts should lead to new discoveries and technical advances with important impacts on the global problem of crop productivity and bioenergy production.

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What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass?

Xin-Guang Zhu, Stephen P Long, Donald Ort (2008)

Photosynthesis is the source of our food and fiber. Increasing world population, economic development, and diminishing land resources forecast that a doubling of productivity is critical in meeting agricultural demand before the end of this century. A starting point for evaluating the global potential to meet this goal is establishing the maximum efficiency of photosynthetic solar energy conversion. The potential efficiency of each step of the photosynthetic process from light capture to carbohydrate synthesis is examined. This reveals the maximum conversion efficiency of solar energy to biomass is 4.6% for C3 photosynthesis at 30 degrees C and today's 380 ppm atmospheric [CO2], but 6% for C4 photosynthesis. This advantage over C3 will disappear as atmospheric [CO2] nears 700 ppm.

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A synthetic pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in vitro.

Thomas Schwander, Lennart von Borzyskowski, Simon Burgener … (2016)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important carbon feedstock for a future green economy. This requires the development of efficient strategies for its conversion into multicarbon compounds. We describe a synthetic cycle for the continuous fixation of CO2 in vitro. The crotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA (CETCH) cycle is a reaction network of 17 enzymes that converts CO2 into organic molecules at a rate of 5 nanomoles of CO2 per minute per milligram of protein. The CETCH cycle was drafted by metabolic retrosynthesis, established with enzymes originating from nine different organisms of all three domains of life, and optimized in several rounds by enzyme engineering and metabolic proofreading. The CETCH cycle adds a seventh, synthetic alternative to the six naturally evolved CO2 fixation pathways, thereby opening the way for in vitro and in vivo applications.