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      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
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      Lack of association of DRD3 and CNR1 polymorphisms with premenstrual dysphoric disorders

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a mood disorder characterized with physical and affective symptoms during the luteal phase of susceptible women.

          Objective:

          The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Dopamine D3 receptor ( DRD3) polymorphism, and Cannabinoid receptor Type 1 ( CNR1) polymorphism with PMDD.

          Materials and Methods:

          Fifty one participants with documented PMDD according to the DSM IV criteria and 51 healthy controls were included in this cross sectional study. Symptom severity was measured with daily self-rating, monthly premenstrual assessment forms and psychiatric interviews. The genotyping of DRD3 receptor and Cannabinoid type 1 receptors were performed using Taqmanfluorogenic assay method.

          Results:

          Distribution of DRD3 and CNR1 polymorphism was not different between patients and controls.

          Conclusion:

          These findings do not support a major role of DRD3, and CNR1 polymorphisms in contributing to susceptibility to premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

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          Most cited references44

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          Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA.

          L Matsuda, S Lolait, M J Brownstein … (1990)
          Marijuana and many of its constituent cannabinoids influence the central nervous system (CNS) in a complex and dose-dependent manner. Although CNS depression and analgesia are well documented effects of the cannabinoids, the mechanisms responsible for these and other cannabinoid-induced effects are not so far known. The hydrophobic nature of these substances has suggested that cannabinoids resemble anaesthetic agents in their action, that is, they nonspecifically disrupt cellular membranes. Recent evidence, however, has supported a mechanism involving a G protein-coupled receptor found in brain and neural cell lines, and which inhibits adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. Also, the receptor is more responsive to psychoactive cannabinoids than to non-psychoactive cannabinoids. Here we report the cloning and expression of a complementary DNA that encodes a G protein-coupled receptor with all of these properties. Its messenger RNA is found in cell lines and regions of the brain that have cannabinoid receptors. These findings suggest that this protein is involved in cannabinoid-induced CNS effects (including alterations in mood and cognition) experienced by users of marijuana.
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            Cannabinoid receptors: where they are and what they do.

            K. Mackie (2008)
            The endocannabinoid system consists of the endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), cannabinoid receptors and the enzymes that synthesise and degrade endocannabinoids. Many of the effects of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids are mediated by two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), CB(1) and CB(2), although additional receptors may be involved. CB(1) receptors are present in very high levels in several brain regions and in lower amounts in a more widespread fashion. These receptors mediate many of the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids. CB(2) receptors have a more restricted distribution, being found in a number of immune cells and in a few neurones. Both CB(1) and CB(2) couple primarily to inhibitory G proteins and are subject to the same pharmacological influences as other GPCRs. Thus, partial agonism, functional selectivity and inverse agonism all play important roles in determining the cellular response to specific cannabinoid receptor ligands.
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              Circulating endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamines are differentially regulated in major depression and following exposure to social stress.

              Matthew N Hill, Gregory E. Miller, Erica Carrier … (2009)
              Central endocannabinoid signaling is known to be responsive to stressful stimuli; however, there is no research to date characterizing the effects of stress on peripheral endocannabinoid content. The current study examined serum content of the endocannabinoid ligands N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and the non-cannabinoid N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) molecules palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) under basal conditions, immediately following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and 30 min thereafter, in 15 medication-free women diagnosed with major depression, and 15 healthy matched controls. Basal serum concentrations of AEA and 2-AG, but not PEA or OEA, were significantly reduced in women with major depression relative to matched controls, indicating a deficit in peripheral endocannabinoid activity. Immediately following the TSST, serum 2-AG concentrations were increased compared to baseline; serum AEA concentration was unchanged at this time point. Serum concentrations of PEA and OEA were significantly lower than baseline 30 min following the cessation of the TSST. The magnitude of these responses did not differ between depressed and control subjects. These are the first data to demonstrate that the peripheral endocannabinoid/NAE system is responsive to exposure to stress.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Reprod Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Reprod Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJRM
                Title: Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine
                Publisher: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility (Yazd, Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1680-6433
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2177
                Publication date (Print): April 2015
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 221-226
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
                [2 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
                [3 ] Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
                [4 ] Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
                [5 ] Department of Psychiatry &Behavıoral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Salih Selek, Harris County Psychiatric Center 2800 S MacGregor Way, 77021, Houston, Texas, USA. Email: drselek@yahoo.com, Tel: 1-713-741-5000
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijrm-13-221
                PMC ID: 4475771
                SO-VID: 38be1449-6f5e-4eff-b8fd-d3ab332875df
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 September 2014
                Date revision received : 22 November 2014
                Date accepted : 28 December 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: cannabinoid receptor,dopamine d3 receptor,premenstrual syndrome,genetic polymorphism
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cannabinoid receptor, dopamine d3 receptor, premenstrual syndrome, genetic polymorphism

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