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      Intervenções para cuidadores de sobreviventes de acidente vascular cerebral: revisão sistemática Translated title: Interventions for stroke survivor caregivers: a systematic review Translated title: Intervenciones para los cuidadores de los sobrevivientes de un accidente cerebrovascular: revisión sistemática

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          RESUMO

          Objetivo

          Sintetizar e criticar a produção científica sobre as intervenções desenvolvidas para reverter a sobrecarga de cuidado e os fatores associados em cuidadores de sobreviventes de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC).

          Método

          Revisão sistemática desenvolvida nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, Portal CAPES e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando as palavras-chave Stroke AND Caregivers AND Intervention e Stroke AND Caregivers AND Clinical trial. Foram selecionados para a revisão oito artigos de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) e controlados publicados no período de 2008 a 2017 nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol.

          Resultados

          Os estudos foram desenvolvidos na Suécia, Taiwan, Alemanha, China, Índia e Estados Unidos. Intervenções psicoeducativas, apoio e aquisição de habilidades tiveram implicações positivas para cuidadores – nos âmbitos psicológico, físico e social, na qualidade dos cuidados e na aquisição dos conhecimentos dos cuidadores – e para sobreviventes – por exemplo, redução da utilização dos serviços de saúde e maior capacidade de autocuidado. A avaliação crítica dos artigos mostrou que nenhum atendeu todas as recomendações metodológicas para ECR. As principais limitações foram a incompletude dos dados e a heterogeneidade das intervenções.

          Conclusão

          As intervenções tiveram resultados positivos para cuidadores e sobreviventes. Contudo, estudos futuros devem considerar uma avaliação de longo prazo dos desfechos analisados, com descrição detalhada sobre o levantamento prévio das necessidades de cuidado que guiaram o estudo e disponibilização do material de apoio utilizado nas intervenções para permitir a reprodução da intervenção.

          ABSTRACT

          Objective

          To synthesize and critically review the literature on interventions aimed at decreasing the burden of stroke survivor caregivers and other associated factors.

          Method

          The literature search for the present systematic review was performed in PubMed, SciELO, Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) website, and the Virtual Health Library using the following search terms: Stroke AND Caregivers AND Intervention; and Stroke AND Caregivers AND clinical trial. Eight randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) published between 2008 and 2017 were selected.

          Results

          The selected studies were performed in Sweden, Taiwan, Germany, China, India, and the United States. Psychoeducational, support, and skill acquisition interventions produced positive results for caregivers – in the psychological, physical, and social domains, in the quality of the care provided, and in the acquisition of knowledge by caregivers – and for stroke survivors – for example, decreased use of health care services and improved capacity for self-care. The critical evaluation of the studies showed that none met all the methodological requirements for RCTs. The main limitations were missing data and the heterogeneity of interventions.

          Conclusion

          The interventions had positive results for caregivers and survivors. However, future studies should consider long term assessments of the outcomes, with detailed description of the baseline needs that guided the study and the sharing of the support materials used to allow the intervention to be reproduced.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivo

          Sintetizar y evaluar de manera crítica la producción científica sobre las intervenciones realizadas para revertir la sobrecarga del cuidado y los factores relacionados que afectan a los cuidadores de los sobrevivientes de un accidente cerebrovascular (ACV).

          Método

          Revisión sistemática efectuada en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, el Portal CAPES y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, con empleo de los grupos de palabras clave stroke AND caregivers AND intervention y stroke AND caregivers AND clinical trial. Se seleccionaron ocho estudios de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados que se publicaron del 2008 al 2017 en español, inglés y portugués.

          Resultados

          Los estudios se realizaron en Alemania, China, Estados Unidos, India, Suecia y Taiwán. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas, el apoyo y la adquisición de habilidades tuvieron repercusiones favorables para los cuidadores (en los aspectos psicológico, físico y social, en la calidad del cuidado y en la adquisición de conocimientos de los cuidadores) y para los sobrevivientes (por ejemplo, en el descenso de la utilización de los servicios de salud y el aumento de la capacidad de autocuidado). La evaluación crítica de los artículos mostró que en ninguno se tuvieron en cuenta todas las recomendaciones metodológicas para los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Las principales limitaciones fueron el carácter incompleto de los datos y la heterogeneidad de las intervenciones.

          Conclusión

          Las intervenciones tuvieron resultados positivos para los cuidadores y los sobrevivientes. Sin embargo, en estudios futuros se debe considerar la posibilidad de hacer una evaluación a largo plazo de los resultados analizados, con una descripción detallada de la determinación previa de las necesidades de cuidado que guiaron el estudio y de la disponibilidad del material de apoyo utilizado en las intervenciones para poder reproducirlas.

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          Most cited references49

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          Brazilian version of the Burden Interview scale for the assessment of burden of care in carers of people with mental illnesses

          INTRODUCTION: Burden on informal carers of people with mental or physical illnesses has been studied for a long time. Several standardized instruments for the assessment of carer's burden have been developed. The Burden Interview is one of the most frequently used instruments. The aim of the present study is to examine the internal consistency and validity of the Brazilian version of the Burden Interview, designed to examine the burden in carers of individuals with mental illnesses. METHODS: Carers of patients with a diagnosis of depression, aged 60 or over, were assessed for burden (Burden Interview), emotional distress (SRQ-20) and their perception of patients' behavioral and mood disturbances (Behavioral and Mood Disturbance Scale - BMD). Socio-demographic information of patients and carers was collected with a standardized form. The reliability of the Burden Interview was assessed through its internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed through the exam of the associations of carers' burden with their perception of patients' behavioral and mood disturbances, and the carers' burden with carers' distress. RESULTS: Eighty-two carers of elderly patients with depression were included, being forty-eight (58,5%) women. The internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. The associations between total scores of the Burden Interview and total scores of the SRQ-20 (r=0.37, p=0.001), and between total scores of the Burden Interview with total scores of BMD (r=0.54, p=0.001) were strong, and similar to other studies that examined those associations, indicating a good construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Burden Interview. DISCUSSION: The Brazilian version of the Burden Interview is a standardized and valid instrument that can be used in the study of the impact of mental and physical illnesses on informal carers.
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            Evidence for stroke family caregiver and dyad interventions: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association.

            Stroke is a leading cause of severe, long-term disability. Most stroke survivors are cared for in the home by a family caregiver. Caregiver stress is a leading cause of stroke survivor institutionalization, which results in significant costs to the healthcare system. Stroke family caregiver and dyad intervention studies have reported a variety of outcomes. A critical analysis of 17 caregiver intervention studies and 15 caregiver/stroke survivor dyad intervention studies was conducted to provide evidence-based recommendations for the implementation and future design of stroke family caregiver and dyad interventions.
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              Family caregiving for patients with stroke. Review and analysis.

              B. Han, W Haley (1999)
              The literature on family caregiving for stroke patients is reviewed with the goals of (1) evaluating the effects of stroke caregiving on caregivers' well-being, (2) outlining deficiencies and methodological limitations of current research, and (3) outlining policy and practice implications of current studies. A total of 20 published stroke caregiving research articles were included in this review. Across studies, the effects of stroke caregiving on caregivers' well-being and the significant predictors of caregivers' depression were analyzed. Current evidence suggests that stroke caregivers have elevated levels of depression at both the acute stroke phase and the chronic stroke phase. However, major gaps are apparent in this literature, with few studies addressing such areas as caregiver physical health, ethnicity, and caregiver interventions. Given the increasing prevalence of stroke as well as the increasing pressures on families to provide care, more research is needed to guide policy and practice in this understudied topic.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Rev. Panam. Salud Publica
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                10 September 2018
                2018
                : 42
                : e114
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde, Jequié (BA), Brasil
                [2 ] originalUniversidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Salvador (BA), Brasil
                [3 ] originalUniversidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador (BA), Brasil
                Author notes
                Correspondência: Jaine Kareny da Silva, jainekareny@ 123456yahoo.com.br

                Conflitos de interesse. Nada declarado pelos autores.

                Article
                RPSP.2018.114
                10.26633/RPSP.2018.114
                6385811
                318b2539-0cdb-4b61-87ac-58807218f054

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. No modifications or commercial use of this article are permitted. In any reproduction of this article there should not be any suggestion that PAHO or this article endorse any specific organization or products. The use of the PAHO logo is not permitted. This notice should be preserved along with the article's original URL.

                History
                : 29 August 2017
                : 27 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 51
                Categories
                Revisão

                sobreviventes,acidente vascular cerebral,cuidadores,ensaio clínico,survivors,stroke,caregivers,clinical trial,sobrevivientes,accidente cerebrovascular,ensayo clínico

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