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      Imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma in typical and atypical sites: Long term follow up

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To assess efficacy and safety of imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of Osteoid Osteoma (OO) in both typical and atypical sites.

          Methods and materials

          Between January 2014 and March 2019, 102 consecutive percutaneous RFA were performed and retrospectively reviewed. The procedures were performed using a RFA bipolar ablation system (Covidien, exposed tip of 0.7-1cm), under Computed Tomography (CT) guidance or using a navigation system (Masmec) under CT and Cone Beam CT (CBCT) guidance. Patients were followed up over 24 months. Clinical success and recurrences were considered on the base of established criteria. In patients with clinical failure and/or imaging evidence of relapse, retreatment was considered.

          Results

          Administered power per-procedure was ≤8 W (mean temperature, 90°C). The pre-procedure average value of visual analog scale (VAS) was 8.33+/-0.91. Primary and secondary success rate 96.08% (98/102) and100% (102/102), respectively. No major complication was described. Technical success was proved in every patient by CT scan acquisition after needle positioning. Relapse and tumour location were significantly correlated (p-value = 0.0165). The mean dose-length product was 751.55 mGycm2. Advanced bone healing was noted in 68 lesions after 1y-follow up and in 86 lesions after 2y-follow up.

          Conclusion

          Imaging-guided percutaneous RFA is a highly effective technique for OO, both in typical and atypical sites. CT or CBCT guidance, navigation systems and operator experience grant the technical success, which is the most crucial parameter affecting outcome.

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          Most cited references35

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          Osteoid osteoma: percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency energy.

          To report our experience with technical success, complications, and long-term clinical success of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of osteoid osteoma. After needle biopsy, computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous RF ablation was performed with general or spinal anesthesia. With an RF electrode, the lesion was heated to 90 degrees C for 6 minutes. Patient age and sex, lesion size and location, biopsy results, and complications were recorded. Clinical success was assessed at a minimum of 2 years after the procedure. Significance of patient age and sex and lesion location and size as a predictor of biopsy result was tested by means of chi2 analysis. In addition, effects of patient age and sex, lesion location and size, and biopsy results on clinical success were tested with the Fisher exact test. During an 11-year period, 263 patients who were suspected of having osteoid osteoma underwent 271 ablation procedures. All procedures were technically successful. There were two anesthesia-related complications (aspiration, cardiac arrest) and two minor procedure-related complications (cellulitis, sympathetic dystrophy). Results at biopsy were positive in 73% (197 of 271 biopsies). Two-year follow-up data were available for 126 procedures. The other procedures had been performed more recently or the patients could not be contacted. There was complete relief of symptoms after 112 of the 126 procedures (89%). For procedures performed as the initial treatment, the success rate was 91% (107 of 117 procedures). Procedures for recurrent lesions had a significantly lower success rate (six of 10 procedures [60%], P <.001). Clinical outcome was not dependent on biopsy result, patient age or sex, or lesion size or location. CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation of osteoid osteoma is a safe and effective technique. Copyright RSNA, 2003
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            Percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation of osteoid osteoma compared with operative treatment.

            Osteoid osteoma, a benign bone tumor, has traditionally been treated with operative excision. A recently developed method for percutaneous ablation of the tumor has been proposed as an alternative to operative treatment. The relative outcomes of the two approaches to treatment have not previously been compared, to our knowledge. The rates of recurrence and of persistent symptoms were compared in a consecutive series of eighty-seven patients who were managed with operative excision and thirty-eight patients who were managed with percutaneous ablation with radiofrequency. Patients who had a spinal lesion were excluded. The minimum duration of follow-up was two years. There was a recurrence, defined as the need for subsequent intervention, after operative treatment in six (9 per cent) of sixty-eight patients who had been managed for a primary lesion and in two of nineteen who had been managed for a recurrent lesion. The average length of the hospital stay was 4.7 days for the patients who had a primary lesion and 5.1 days for those who had a recurrent lesion. There was a recurrence after percutaneous treatment in four (12 per cent) of thirty-three patients who had been managed for a primary lesion and in none of five who had been managed for a recurrent lesion. The average length of the hospital stay was 0.2 day for these thirty-eight patients. With the numbers available, we could detect no significant difference between the two treatments with regard to the rate of recurrence. The rate of persistent symptoms (that is, symptoms that did not necessitate additional treatment) was greater than the rate of recurrence. According to responses to a questionnaire, eight (30 per cent) of twenty-seven patients had persistent symptoms after operative treatment and six (23 per cent) of twenty-six patients had persistent symptoms after percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency. Two patients had complications after operative excision, necessitating a total of five additional operations. There were no complications associated with the percutaneous method. The results of the present study suggest that percutaneous ablation with radiofrequency is essentially equivalent to operative excision for the treatment of an osteoid osteoma in an extremity. The percutaneous method is preferred for the treatment of extraspinal osteoid osteoma because it generally does not necessitate hospitalization, it has not been associated with complications, and it is associated with a rapid convalescence.
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              Ablation of osteoid osteomas with a percutaneously placed electrode: a new procedure.

              Osteoid osteoma is a benign, self-limited tumor of bone that usually requires surgical excision for relief of pain and to prevent long-term consequences. Radio-frequency electrodes have been successfully and safely used to ablate small areas of the central nervous system and to perform ablation elsewhere in the body. The authors have used this technique in four patients with proved or presumptive osteoid osteoma, completely relieving the symptoms in three.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                18 March 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 3
                : e0248589
                Affiliations
                [001]Radiologia Interventistica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Napoli (IT), Naples, Italy
                Kanazawa University, JAPAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-3050
                Article
                PONE-D-20-32452
                10.1371/journal.pone.0248589
                7971862
                33735214
                2bc2a7d6-e1e6-4d4a-94e6-6fde292a3955
                © 2021 Somma et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 16 October 2020
                : 1 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 4, Pages: 14
                Funding
                The author received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Clinical Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Pain
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Clinical Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Lesions
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Neuroimaging
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Neuroimaging
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Tomography
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Tomography
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Radiology and Imaging
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Tomography
                Computed Axial Tomography
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Radiology and Imaging
                Diagnostic Radiology
                Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pediatrics
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Clinical Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Pain
                Myalgia
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Biopsy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Oncology
                Cancer Treatment
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                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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