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      Intraductal photothermal ablation: a noninvasive approach for early breast cancer treatment and prevention

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          Abstract

          Background: Innovative treatment strategies for early-stage breast cancer (BC) are urgently needed. Tumors originating from mammary ductal cells present an opportunity for targeted intervention.

          Methods: We explored intraductal therapy via natural nipple openings as a promising non-invasive approach for early BC. Using functional Near-infrared II (NIR-II) nanomaterials, specifically NIR-IIb quantum dots conjugated with Epep polypeptide for ductal cell targeting, we conducted in situ imaging and photothermal ablation of mammary ducts. Intraductal administration was followed by stimulation with an 808 nm laser.

          Results: This method achieved precise ductal destruction and heightened immunological responses in the microenvironment. The technique was validated in mouse models of triple-negative BC and a rat model of ductal carcinoma in situ, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential for localized BC treatment and prevention.

          Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of NIR-II nanoprobes in guiding non-invasive photothermal ablation of mammary ducts, offering a compelling avenue for early-stage BC therapy.

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          Most cited references39

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          Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer

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            Thermal ablation of tumours: biological mechanisms and advances in therapy.

            Minimally invasive thermal ablation of tumours has become common since the advent of modern imaging. From the ablation of small, unresectable tumours to experimental therapies, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation and irreversible electroporation have an increasing role in the treatment of solid neoplasms. This Opinion article examines the mechanisms of tumour cell death that are induced by the most common thermoablative techniques and discusses the rapidly developing areas of research in the field, including combinatorial ablation and immunotherapy, synergy with conventional chemotherapy and radiation, and the development of a new ablation modality in irreversible electroporation.
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              Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer — expanded options, evolving needs

              Tumour heterogeneity and a long-standing paucity of effective therapies other than chemotherapy have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the subtype with the least favourable outcomes. In the past few years, advances in omics technologies have shed light on the relevance of the TNBC microenvironment heterogeneity, unveiling a close dynamic relationship with cancer cell features. An improved understanding of tumour-immune system co-evolution supports the need to adopt a more comprehensive view of TNBC as an ecosystem that encompasses the intrinsic and extrinsic features of cancer cells. This new appreciation of the biology of TNBC has already led to the development of novel targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which are revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape and providing new opportunities both for patients with early-stage TNBC and for those with advanced-stage disease. The current therapeutic scenario is only the tip of the iceberg, as hundreds of new compounds and combinations are in development. The translation of these experimental therapies into clinical benefit is a welcome and ongoing challenge. In this Review, we describe the current and upcoming therapeutic landscape of TNBC and discuss how an integrated view of the TNBC ecosystem can define different levels of risk and provide improved opportunities for tailoring treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Theranostics
                Theranostics
                thno
                Theranostics
                Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                1838-7640
                2024
                1 July 2024
                : 14
                : 10
                : 3997-4013
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
                [2 ]Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer. No.116 Zhuo Daoquan South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China.
                [3 ]College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China.
                [4 ]Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
                [5 ]Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
                [6 ]Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, New Research Building, Room E204, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA.
                [7 ]State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, PR China.
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding authors: Chuang Chen, M. D., Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China. E-mail: chenc2469@ 123456whu.edu.cn . Ran Cui, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China. E-mail: cuiran@ 123456whu.edu.cn . Mingxi Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China. E-mail: mxzhang@ 123456whut.edu.cn .

                #These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                thnov14p3997
                10.7150/thno.97968
                11234271
                25a1d7d8-9dc9-46b8-b1ed-1eaacc1a17e5
                © The author(s)

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

                History
                : 1 May 2024
                : 19 June 2024
                Categories
                Research Paper

                Molecular medicine
                breast carcinoma,nanoparticles,photothermal ablation,intraductal therapy,non-invasive surgery,mammary gland,immunoenhancement

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