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      Rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) en respuesta a la fertilización con nitrógeno, fósforo y silicio al suelo Translated title: Maize (Zea mays L.) yield in response to soil fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon

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          Abstract

          Resumen: En el estado de Guerrero, el maíz (Zea mays) se siembra en diferentes condiciones edáficas y climáticas, en altitudes que van desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2880 m de altitud, principalmente en régimen de temporal y por productores que utilizan maíces nativos y mejorados. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización con nitrógeno y fósforo en combinación con silicio en los componentes de rendimiento del cultivo de maíz; bajo la hipótesis de que al menos una fórmula de fertilización y la aplicación de silicio al suelo generan un efecto positivo en el tamaño de la mazorca y el rendimiento de grano de maíz. La fertilización consideró dos factores; primero la fórmula de Nitrógeno, Fosforo y Potasio (N-P-K) con dos niveles (90-60 00 y 60-40-00); el segundo fue la fertilización de silicio (Si) con tres niveles (sin Si, Fermiphos y Silifosca®), cuya combinación originó seis tratamientos; los cuales se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La fertilización N-P-K no afectó estadísticamente las variables evaluadas; excepto el diámetro que, fue estadísticamente diferente y se incrementó en 2% con 90-60-00. La aplicación de silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) aumentó más de 12% la longitud y 6% el diámetro de la mazorca y 24% el rendimiento de grano. La fertilización con 90-60-00 + silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) incrementó de 8 a 32% el tamaño y rendimiento; mientras que, la fertilización con 60-40-00 + silicio (Fermiphos y Silifosca®) superó de 4 a 28% los parámetros evaluados. El incremento de la fórmula de fertilización tuvo impactos mínimos y no constantes en el tamaño de la mazorca. Pero, la aplicación de Silifosca® o Fermiphos combinada con la fertilización N-P-K favoreció cambios positivos en el tamaño de la mazorca y rendimiento de grano con 90-60-00 y la adición de Silifosca®.

          Translated abstract

          Summary: In the state of Guerrero, maize (Zea mays) is planted in different soil and climatic conditions, at altitudes ranging from sea level to 2880 altitude meters, mainly in a rainfed regime and by producers who use native and improved maize. The objective is to evaluate the effect of fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus in combination with silicon on the yield of corn crop components under the hypothesis that at least one fertilization formula and silicon application to the soil generate an positive effect on the size of the corn ear and grain yield. Fertilization consideres two factors; first the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N-P-K) formula with two levels (90-60-00 and 60-40-00); the second was silicon (Si) with three levels (without Si, Fermiphos and Silifosca®), whose combination originated six treatments; which were distributed in a randomized block experimental design with three repetitions. N-P-K fertilization did not statistically affect the variables evaluated, except for diameter, which was statistically different and increased by 2% with 90-60-00. The application of silicon (Fermiphos and Silifosca®) increased cob more than 12% in length and 6% in diameter and grain yield 24%. Fertilization with 90-60-00 + silicon (Fermiphos and Silifosca®) increased size and yield from 8 to 32%; while fertilization with 60-40-00 + silicon (Fermiphos and Silifosca®) exceeded the evaluated parameters from 4 to 28%. Increasing the fertilization formula had minimal and inconsistent impacts on ear size. However, the application of Silifosca® or Fermiphos combined with N-P-K fertilization favored positive changes in ear size and grain yield with 90-60-00 and the addition of Silifosca®.

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          Most cited references51

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          Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: A review.

          In present era, heavy metal pollution is rapidly increasing which present many environmental problems. These heavy metals are mainly accumulated in soil and are transferred to food chain through plants grown on these soils. Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the soil. It has been widely reported that Si can stimulate plant growth and alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses, including heavy metal stress. Research to date has explored a number of mechanisms through which Si can alleviate heavy metal toxicity in plants at both plant and soil levels. Here we reviewed the mechanisms through which Si can alleviate heavy metal toxicity in plants. The key mechanisms evoked include reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media, reduced metal uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, chelation and stimulation of antioxidant systems in plants, complexation and co-precipitation of toxic metals with Si in different plant parts, compartmentation and structural alterations in plants and regulation of the expression of metal transport genes. However, these mechanisms might be associated with plant species, genotypes, metal elements, growth conditions, duration of the stress imposed and so on. Further research orientation is also discussed.
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            Benefits of plant silicon for crops: a review

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              Research on potassium in agriculture: needs and prospects

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tl
                Terra Latinoamericana
                Terra Latinoam
                Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-5779
                2395-8030
                December 2023
                : 41
                : e1682
                Affiliations
                [2] Iguala de la Independencia orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero Mexico
                [1] Iguala de la Independencia orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Campo Experimental Iguala Mexico
                Article
                S0187-57792023000100501 S0187-5779(23)04100000501
                10.28940/terra.v41i0.1682
                1b5260f5-04e9-4c04-99dd-edc2d1f03b83

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 January 2023
                : 23 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Notas de investigación

                nutrients,grain yield,enmienda,manejo agronómico,nutrimentos,rendimiento de grano,amendment,agronomic management

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