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      Complex psychological trauma

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          Abstract

          Complex psychological trauma is more complicated and pervasive than the isolated traumatic event, occurring mainly in vulnerable periods resulting in severe compromise of childhood development. It causes increased activation of the survival-focused brain leading to alterations in brain structure and function. It has an impact on behavioral, biological, and cognitive domains resulting in sequelae of complex trauma exposure. The assessment of complex trauma is demanding as the clinician is required to be patient, transparent, noncoercive, and corroborative in approach. The management depends on a good therapist-client alliance, appropriate evidence-based treatment models and emerging pharmacotherapy for treatment as well as prevention.

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          Poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth.

          Heather A Turner, David Finkelhor, Richard Ormrod (2010)
          Most studies of children's exposure to violence focus on separate, relatively narrow categories of victimization (such as sexual abuse, physical maltreatment, or bullying), paying less attention to exposure to multiple forms of victimization. This study documents children's lifetime exposure to multiple victimization types (i.e., "poly-victimization") and examines the association between poly-victimization and extent of trauma symptomatology. Analyses were based on telephone interviews conducted between January 2008 and May 2008 with a nationally representative sample of 4053 children aged 2-17 years and their caregivers. Exposure to multiple forms of victimization was common. Almost 66% of the sample was exposed to more than one type of victimization, 30% experienced five or more types, and 10% experienced 11 or more different forms of victimization in their lifetimes. Poly-victims comprise a substantial portion of the children who would be identified by screening for an individual victimization type, such as sexual assault or witnessing parental violence. Poly-victimization is more highly related to trauma symptoms than experiencing repeated victimizations of a single type and explains a large part of the associations between individual forms of victimization and symptom levels. Studies focusing on single forms of victimization are likely to underestimate the full burden of victimization that children experience and to incorrectly specify the risk profiles of victims. Research, clinical practice, and intervention strategies are likely to improve with more comprehensive assessments of victimization exposure. Copyright (c) 2010 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Concurrent Treatment of Substance Use and PTSD

            Kristina Korte, Julianne Flanagan, Therese Killeen … (2016)
            Substance use disorders (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are chronic, debilitating conditions that frequently co-occur. Individuals with co-occurring SUD and PTSD suffer a more complicated course of treatment and less favorable treatment outcomes compared to individuals with either disorder alone. The development of effective psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for co-occurring SUD and PTSD is an active and critically important area of investigation. Several integrated psychosocial treatments for co-occurring SUD and PTSD have demonstrated promising outcomes. While recent studies examining medications to treat co-occurring SUD and PTSD have yielded encouraging findings, there remain substantial gaps in the evidence base regarding the treatment of co-occurring SUD and PTSD. This review will summarize the findings from clinical trials targeting a reduction in SUD and PTSD symptoms simultaneously. These results may improve our knowledge base and subsequently enhance our ability to develop effective interventions for this complex comorbid condition.
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              Treatment of complex posttraumatic self-dysregulation.

              Julian Ford, Elodie Courtois, Ellert R. S. Nijenhuis … (2005)
              The authors describe a three-phase sequential integrative model for the psychotherapy of complex posttraumatic self-dysregulation: Phase 1 (alliance formation and stabilization), Phase 2 (trauma processing), and Phase 3 (functional reintegration). The technical precautions designed to maximize safety, trauma processing, and reintegration regardless of the specific treatment approach are discussed. Existing and emerging treatment models that address posttraumatic dysregulation of consciousness, bodily functioning, emotion, and interpersonal attachments are also described. The authors conclude with suggestions for further clinical innovation and research evaluation of therapeutic models that can enhance the treatment of PTSD by addressing complex posttraumatic self-dysregulation.
              Article 0 comments Cited 27 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ind Psychiatry J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ind Psychiatry J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IPJ
                Title: Industrial Psychiatry Journal
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-6748
                ISSN (Electronic): 0976-2795
                Publication date (Print): October 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 October 2021
                Volume: 30
                Issue: Suppl 1
                Pages: S305-S307
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital Southern Command, Pune, Maharashtra, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Jaspreet Singh, Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: jaspreetrakkar@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IPJ-30-305
                DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328837
                PMC ID: 8611581
                PubMed ID: 34908717
                SO-VID: 1ae6f190-abf8-40d9-9c64-0d5339328879
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2021 Industrial Psychiatry Journal
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 07 April 2021
                Date revision received : 19 May 2021
                Date accepted : 02 July 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Contemporary Issues

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: complex psychological trauma,complex posttraumatic stress disorder,complex trauma
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: complex psychological trauma, complex posttraumatic stress disorder, complex trauma

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