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      Chemical composition and productive performance of silage of taro tubers and foliage (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) in rearing pigs Translated title: Composición química y comportamiento productivo del ensilado de tubérculos y follaje de taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) en cerdos de recría

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          Abstract

          Abstract To determine the chemical composition of silage of taro tubers and foliage (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) and its effect on productive indicators of rearing pigs, pH, temperature, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ash, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and gross energy were evaluated. For the study of productive indicators, daily food intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion and final weight were determined. Sixteen castrated male pigs (Landrace x Belgian White), 45 days old, with a mean live weight of 12 ± 2 kg were used. Animals were distributed into two treatments: T0 (corn and protein concentrate) and T30 (inclusion of 30% of silage in the diet), in equal parts, according to a completely randomized design. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and the comparison of means was made with the Fisher test (P <0.05). Silage presented pH (4.39), temperature (22 ºC), dry matter (30.91%), crude protein (12.07%), nitrogen free extract (77.03%), crude energy (17.88 kJ g DM-1), crude fiber (3.24%), ashes (4.74%) and ether extract (2.89%). There was no effect (P>0.05) for daily food intake (1.15; 1.11 kg), daily weight gain (0.55; 0.53 kg), food conversion (2.08; 2.09 kg / kg) and final weight (30.50; 29.06 kg) of animals, respectively. The inclusion of 30% of silage of tubers with taro foliage in the diet of rearing pigs did not affect the productive performance of animals, so it constitutes an alternative food with adequate nutritional characteristics for this category.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Para determinar la composición química de un ensilado de tubérculos y follaje de taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) y su efecto en indicadores productivos de cerdos en recría, se comprobó pH, temperatura, materia seca, materia orgánica, proteína bruta, fibra bruta, cenizas, extracto etéreo, extracto libre de nitrógeno y energía bruta. Para el estudio de indicadores productivos, se determinó el consumo diario de alimento, la ganancia diaria de peso, conversión alimentaria y peso final. Se utilizaron 16 cerdos machos castrados (Landrace x Blanco Belga), de 45 días de edad, con peso vivo promedio de 12 ± 2 kg. Los animales se distribuyeron en dos tratamientos: T0 (maíz y concentrado proteico) y T30 (inclusión de 30 % de ensilado en la dieta), en partes iguales, según diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los datos se analizaron por ANOVA y la comparación de medias se efectuó con la dócima de Fisher (P < 0.05). El ensilado presentó pH (4.39), temperatura (22 ºC), materia seca (30.91%), proteína bruta (12.07 %), extracto libre de nitrógeno (77.03%), energía bruta (17.88 kJ g MS-1), fibra bruta (3.24 %), cenizas (4.74%) y extracto etéreo (2.89%). No hubo efecto (P > 0,05) para el consumo diario de alimento (1.15; 1.11 kg), ganancia diaria de peso (0.55; 0.53 kg), conversión alimentaria (2.08; 2.09 kg/kg) y peso final (30.50; 29.06 kg) de los animales, respectivamente. La inclusión de 30 % de ensilado de tubérculos y follaje de taro en la dieta de cerdos en recría no afectó el comportamiento productivo de los animales, por lo que constituye un alimento alternativo de adecuadas características nutritivas para esta categoría.

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          Single Cell Protein—State-of-the-Art, Industrial Landscape and Patents 2001–2016

          By 2050, the world would need to produce 1,250 million tonnes of meat and dairy per year to meet global demand for animal-derived protein at current consumption levels. However, growing demand for protein will not be met sustainably by increasing meat and dairy production because of the low efficiency of converting feed to meat and dairy products. New solutions are needed. Single cell protein (SCP), i.e., protein produced in microbial and algal cells, is an option with potential. Much of the recent interest in SCP has focused on the valorisation of side streams by using microorganisms to improve their protein content, which can then be used in animal feed. There is also increased use of mixed populations, rather than pure strains in the production of SCP. In addition, the use of methane as a carbon source for SCP is reaching commercial scales and more protein-rich products are being derived from algae for both food and feed. The following review addresses the latest developments in SCP production from various organisms, giving an overview of commercial exploitation, a review of recent advances in the patent landscape (2001–2016) and a list of industrial players in the SCP field.
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            Using probiotics to improve swine gut health and nutrient utilization ☆

            To maintain a healthy gut is definitely key for a pig to digest and absorb dietary nutrients efficiently. A balanced microbiota (i.e., a healthy micro-ecosystem) is an indispensable constituent of a healthy gut. Probiotics, the live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer good health benefits onto the host, are a category of feed additives that can be used to replenish the gut microbial population while recuperating the host immune system. Besides their antitoxin and diarrhea reduction effects, dietary supplementation of probiotics can improve gut health, nutrient digestibilities and, therefore, benefit nutrient utilization and growth performance of pigs. Current knowledge in the literature pertinent to the beneficial effects of utilizing various probiotics for swine production has been comprehensively reviewed, and the safety and the risk issues related to probiotic usage have also been discussed in this paper. Considering that the foremost cost in a swine operation is feed cost, feed efficiency holds a very special, if not the paramount, significance in commercial swine production. Globally, the swine industry along with other animal industries is moving towards restricting and eventually a total ban on the usage of antibiotic growth promoters. Therefore, selection of an ideal alternative to the in-feed antibiotics to compensate for the lost benefits due to the ban on the antibiotic usage is urgently needed to support the industry for profitable and sustainable swine production. As is understood, a decision on this selection is not easy to make. Thus, this review paper aims to provide some much needed up-to-date knowledge and comprehensive references for swine nutritionists and producers to refer to before making prudent decisions and for scientists and researchers to develop better commercial products.
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              Antioxidant phenolics and their microbial production by submerged and solid state fermentation process: A review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cjas
                Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science
                Cuban J. Agric. Sci.
                Editorial del Instituto de Ciencia Animal (Mayabeque, , Cuba )
                0864-0408
                2079-3480
                December 2020
                : 54
                : 3
                : 355-363
                Affiliations
                [2] Puyo Pastaza orgnameUniversidad Estatal Amazónica orgdiv1Laboratorio de Bromatología Ecuador
                [6] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameFederal University of Minas Gerais orgdiv1Department of Animal Science Brazil
                [1] Puyo Pastaza orgnameUniversidad Estatal Amazónica orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra Ecuador
                [4] Puyo Pastaza orgnameGranja Agropecuaria Caicedo Ecuador
                [3] Rio Claro São Paulo orgnameAgroceres Multimix orgdiv1Technical Services Department Brazil
                [5] San José Santa Clara orgnameGranja Porcícola Buena Esperanza Ecuador
                Article
                S2079-34802020000300355 S2079-3480(20)05400300355
                13926af0-ae5f-495a-acc1-f1f9c64feaaa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 March 2020
                : 16 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ANIMAL SCIENCE

                alimento alternativo,solid fermented,alternative food,Ecuadorian Amazon,pigs,Amazonia ecuatoriana,fermentado sólido,cerdos

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