On the Use of Electrooculogram for Efficient  Human Computer Interfaces

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to present electrooculogram signals that can be used for human computer interface efficiently. Establishing an efficient alternative channel for communication without overt speech and hand movements is important to increase the quality of life for patients suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or other illnesses that prevent correct limb and facial muscular responses. We have made several experiments to compare the P300-based BCI speller and EOG-based new system. A five-letter word can be written on average in 25 seconds and in 105 seconds with the EEG-based device. Giving message such as “clean-up” could be performed in 3 seconds with the new system. The new system is more efficient than P300-based BCI system in terms of accuracy, speed, applicability, and cost efficiency. Using EOG signals, it is possible to improve the communication abilities of those patients who can move their eyes.

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Influence of the supplementary motor area on primary motor cortex excitability during movements triggered by neutral or emotionally unpleasant visual cues.

F. Babiloni, M Palmieri, R Traversa … (2003)

The stronger anatomo-functional connections of the supplementary motor area (SMA), as compared with premotor area (PM), with regions of the limbic system, suggest that SMA could play a role in the control of movements triggered by visual stimuli with emotional content. We addressed this issue by analysing the modifications of the excitability of the primary motor area (M1) in a group of seven healthy subjects, studied with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), after conditioning TMS of SMA, during emotional and non-emotional visually cued movements. Conditioning TMS of the PM or of contralateral primary motor cortex (cM1) were tested as control conditions. Single-pulse TMS over the left M1 was randomly intermingled with paired TMS, in which a conditioning stimulation of the left SMA, left PM or right M1 preceded test stimulation over the left M1. The subjects carried out movements in response to computerised visual cues (neutral pictures and pictures with negative emotional content). The amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle after paired TMS were measured and compared with those obtained after single-pulse TMS of the left M1 under the various experimental conditions. Conditioning TMS of the SMA in the paired-pulse paradigm selectively enhanced MEP amplitudes in the visual-emotional triggered movement condition, compared with single-pulse TMS of M1 alone or with paired TMS during presentation of neutral visual cues. On the other hand, conditioning TMS of the PM or cM1 did not differentially influence MEP amplitudes under visual-emotional triggered movement conditions. This pattern of effects was related to the intensity of the conditioning TMS over the SMA, being most evident with intensities ranging from 110% to 80% of motor threshold. These results suggest that the SMA in humans could interface the limbic and the motor systems in the transformation of emotional experiences into motor actions.

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Non-invasive brain-computer interface system: towards its application as assistive technology.

Febo Cincotti, S. Bufalari, Giuseppe Oriolo … (2008)

The quality of life of people suffering from severe motor disabilities can benefit from the use of current assistive technology capable of ameliorating communication, house-environment management and mobility, according to the user's residual motor abilities. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that can translate brain activity into signals that control external devices. Thus they can represent the only technology for severely paralyzed patients to increase or maintain their communication and control options. Here we report on a pilot study in which a system was implemented and validated to allow disabled persons to improve or recover their mobility (directly or by emulation) and communication within the surrounding environment. The system is based on a software controller that offers to the user a communication interface that is matched with the individual's residual motor abilities. Patients (n=14) with severe motor disabilities due to progressive neurodegenerative disorders were trained to use the system prototype under a rehabilitation program carried out in a house-like furnished space. All users utilized regular assistive control options (e.g., microswitches or head trackers). In addition, four subjects learned to operate the system by means of a non-invasive EEG-based BCI. This system was controlled by the subjects' voluntary modulations of EEG sensorimotor rhythms recorded on the scalp; this skill was learnt even though the subjects have not had control over their limbs for a long time. We conclude that such a prototype system, which integrates several different assistive technologies including a BCI system, can potentially facilitate the translation from pre-clinical demonstrations to a clinical useful BCI.

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System for assisted mobility using eye movements based on electrooculography.

R Barea, L Boquete, M. Mazo … (2002)

This paper describes an eye-control method based on electrooculography (EOG) to develop a system for assisted mobility. One of its most important features is its modularity, making it adaptable to the particular needs of each user according to the type and degree of handicap involved. An eye model based on electroculographic signal is proposed and its validity is studied. Several human-machine interfaces (HMI) based on EOG are commented, focusing our study on guiding and controlling a wheelchair for disabled people, where the control is actually effected by eye movements within the socket. Different techniques and guidance strategies are then shown with comments on the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The system consists of a standard electric wheelchair with an on-board computer, sensors and a graphic user interface run by the computer. On the other hand, this eye-control method can be applied to handle graphical interfaces, where the eye is used as a mouse computer. Results obtained show that this control technique could be useful in multiple applications, such as mobility and communication aid for handicapped persons.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Comput Intell Neurosci

Journal ID (publisher-id): CIN

Title: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

ISSN (Print): 1687-5265

ISSN (Electronic): 1687-5273

Publication date (Print): 2010

Publication date (Electronic): 15 October 2009

Publication date PMC-release: 15 October 2009

Volume: 2010

Electronic Location Identifier: 135629

Affiliations

¹IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy

²Department of Technical Sciences, The NCO Academy, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey

Author notes

*A. B. Usakli: ausakli@ 123456yahoo.com

Academic Editor: Fabrizio De Vico Fallani

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2010/135629

PMC ID: 2763213

PubMed ID: 19841687

SO-VID: 133efc59-bcef-4f51-b816-b46645f5dd84

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 13 June 2009

Date accepted : 28 July 2009

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On the Use of Electrooculogram for Efficient Human Computer Interfaces

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Abstract

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Good practices in (cog-neuro) science and science communication

Most cited references 25

Influence of the supplementary motor area on primary motor cortex excitability during movements triggered by neutral or emotionally unpleasant visual cues.

Non-invasive brain-computer interface system: towards its application as assistive technology.

System for assisted mobility using eye movements based on electrooculography.

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