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      School bullying victimization-associated anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents: the mediation of resilience

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          Abstract

          Background

          School bullying victimization is associated with increased risk of anxiety in children and adolescents. However, little is known about the role of resilience in this association. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mediation by resilience in this association in a large group of Chinese children and adolescents.

          Methods

          A population-based cross-sectional study adopting two-stage simple random cluster sampling was implemented in Yunnan province, southwestern China. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to collect information from the participants. Among all the participants, 4624 were included in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to present general characteristics of the study participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were adopted to estimate crude and adjusted associations among bullying victimization, anxiety, and resilience. A path model was used to analyze the hypothesized mediation by resilience in the association between bullying victimization and anxiety.

          Results

          Analytical results of multivariate logistic regression models suggested that bullying victimization was significantly associated with anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents; compared with individuals who had not been bullied, victims of bullying were more likely to experience anxiety symptoms, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.02 (95% CI 2.46–3.71). Path analysis revealed a prominent mediating effect of resilience in the association between bullying victimization and anxiety, accounting for 31.89% of the total association. Further analysis indicated that, among the five dimensions of resilience, emotional regulation, interpersonal assistance, and family support were significant mediators, accounting for 30.34%, 10.79%, and 8.35% of the total association.

          Conclusions

          Our major findings highlighted the promising role of resilience-based intervention measures in reducing the risk of anxiety associated with school bullying victimization in Chinese children and adolescents.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13034-022-00490-x.

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          Most cited references49

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          A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

          Robert L Spitzer, Kurt Kroenke, Janet B W Williams … (2006)
          Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
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            Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).

            Kathleen Ries Merikangas, Jian-ping He, Marcy Burstein … (2010)
            To present estimates of the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders with and without severe impairment, their comorbidity across broad classes of disorder, and their sociodemographic correlates. The National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement NCS-A is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in the continental United States. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using a modified version of the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Anxiety disorders were the most common condition (31.9%), followed by behavior disorders (19.1%), mood disorders (14.3%), and substance use disorders (11.4%), with approximately 40% of participants with one class of disorder also meeting criteria for another class of lifetime disorder. The overall prevalence of disorders with severe impairment and/or distress was 22.2% (11.2% with mood disorders, 8.3% with anxiety disorders, and 9.6% behavior disorders). The median age of onset for disorder classes was earliest for anxiety (6 years), followed by 11 years for behavior, 13 years for mood, and 15 years for substance use disorders. These findings provide the first prevalence data on a broad range of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Approximately one in every four to five youth in the U.S. meets criteria for a mental disorder with severe impairment across their lifetime. The likelihood that common mental disorders in adults first emerge in childhood and adolescence highlights the need for a transition from the common focus on treatment of U.S. youth to that of prevention and early intervention. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.

              Michael Rutter (1987)
              The concept of mechanisms that protect people against the psychological risks associated with adversity is discussed in relation to four main processes: reduction of risk impact, reduction of negative chain reactions, establishment and maintenance of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and opening up of opportunities. The mechanisms operating at key turning points in people's lives must be given special attention.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yuanyuan Xiao: 33225647@qq.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
                Title: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1753-2000
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 June 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 June 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 16
                Electronic Location Identifier: 52
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.285847.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9588 0960, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, , Kunming Medical University, ; 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
                [2 ]GRID grid.414902.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1771 3912, Department of Psychiatry, , The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, ; Kunming, Yunnan China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 490
                DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00490-x
                PMC ID: 9233828
                PubMed ID: 35752800
                SO-VID: 1103fd17-5116-40d7-b3cf-5b948b272ac3
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 12 April 2022
                Date accepted : 18 June 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 82060601
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Top Young Talents of Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan
                Award ID: YNWR-QNBJ-2018-286
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Innovative Research Team of Yunnan Province
                Award ID: 202005AE160002
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: bullying victimization,anxiety,resilience,mediation,children and adolescents
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: bullying victimization, anxiety, resilience, mediation, children and adolescents

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