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      Ability and Preparedness of Family Physicians to Recognise and Treat Adolescent Mental Health Disorders in Nigeria and Ghana

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Management of mental health disorders has not been fully integrated into primary care despite been advocated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Organisation of Family Doctors (WONCA). This study therefore seeks to assess the ability and preparedness of Family Physicians to recognise and treat mental health disorders in adolescents.

          Methodology:

          A descriptive cross-sectional study of 233 randomly selected Physicians Practicing in Family Medicine Clinics in Nigeria and Ghana was conducted using a semi structured self-administered questionnaire that was developed by the researchers and validated with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .85. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences™ (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) version 22.0.

          Results:

          Respondents had a mean age of 43 ± 8 years, were mostly males 130 (55.79%), practised in Nigeria 168 (72.10%) and have been in practice for over 10 years 149 (63.95%). Majority of respondents 153 (65.67%) received at least one Medical Education sessions in mental health in the preceding 12 months of the study. Out of these, 146 (95.42%) said the sessions enhanced their knowledge of mental health, and 121 (79.08%) said the sessions enhanced their abilities and preparedness to attend to patients with mental disorders. Barriers included stigmatisation 156 (66.95%), poor facilities 136 (58.37%), non-conducive environment 135 (57.94%) and non-cooperation from patients 133 (57.08%).

          Conclusion:

          This study showed that a lot of family physicians in Ghana and Nigeria are able and prepared to manage adolescent mental health disorders. They however cited stigmatisation, poor facilities and non-conducive environment as barriers to management of adolescent mental health disorders in primary care. Considering the severity of the disorder, there is a need to increase the training of Family Physicians in the management of adolescent mental health.

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          Most cited references11

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          Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing

          George C Patton, Susan Sawyer, John S Santelli … (2016)
          Article 0 comments Cited 844 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A mediation approach to understanding socio-economic inequalities in maternal health-seeking behaviours in Egypt

            Lenka Benova, Oona Campbell, George Ploubidis (2015)
            Background The levels and origins of socio-economic inequalities in health-seeking behaviours in Egypt are poorly understood. This paper assesses the levels of health-seeking behaviours related to maternal care (antenatal care [ANC] and facility delivery) and their accumulation during pregnancy and childbirth. Secondly, it explores the mechanisms underlying the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and maternal health-seeking behaviours. Thirdly, it examines the effectiveness of targeting of free public ANC and delivery care. Methods Data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey were used to capture two latent constructs of SEP: individual socio-cultural capital and household-level economic capital. These variables were entered into an adjusted mediation model, predicting twelve dimensions of maternal health-seeking; including any ANC, private ANC, first ANC visit in first trimester, regular ANC (four or more visits during pregnancy), facility delivery, and private delivery. ANC and delivery care costs were examined separately by provider type (public or private). Results While 74.2% of women with a birth in the 5-year recall period obtained any ANC and 72.4% delivered in a facility, only 48.8% obtained the complete maternal care package (timely and regular facility-based ANC as well as facility delivery) for their most recent live birth. Both socio-cultural capital and economic capital were independently positively associated with receiving any ANC and delivering in a facility. The strongest direct effect of socio-cultural capital was seen in models predicting private provider use of both ANC and delivery. Despite substantial proportions of women using public providers reporting receipt of free care (ANC: 38%, delivery: 24%), this free-of-charge public care was not effectively targeted to women with lowest economic resources. Conclusions Socio-cultural capital is the primary mechanism leading to inequalities in maternal health-seeking in Egypt. Future studies should therefore examine the objective and perceived quality of care from different types of providers. Improvements in the targeting of free public care could help reduce the existing SEP-based inequalities in maternal care coverage in the short term. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0652-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents: A systematic review

              Astrid Jörns-Presentati, Ann-Kathrin Napp, Anja Dessauvagie … (2021)
              Background and purpose Most research regarding child and adolescent mental health prevention and promotion in low-and middle-income countries is undertaken in high-income countries. This systematic review set out to synthesise findings from epidemiological studies, published between 2008 and 2020, documenting the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents from across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods A systematic search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus) and Google Scholar was conducted guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewer’s manual for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies. Studies included reported prevalence outcomes for adolescents aged 10–19 using either clinical interviews or standardized questionnaires to assess psychopathology. Clinical samples were excluded. Results The search yielded 1 549 records of which 316 studies were assessed for eligibility and 51 met the inclusion criteria. We present a qualitative synthesis of 37 of these 51 included articles. The other 14 studies reporting prevalence rates for adolescents living with HIV are published elsewhere. The prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, emotional and behavioural difficulties, posttraumatic stress and suicidal behaviour in the general adolescent population and selected at-risk groups in 16 sub-Saharan countries (with a total population of 97 616 adolescents) are reported.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Health Serv Insights
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Health Serv Insights
                Journal ID (publisher-id): HIS
                Journal ID (hwp): sphis
                Title: Health Services Insights
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-6329
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 April 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 16
                Electronic Location Identifier: 11786329231166366
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Family Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
                [2 ]Lifestyle and Behavioural Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
                [3 ]Department of Family Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
                [4 ]Department of Family Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
                [5 ]Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
                [6 ]Department of Family Medicine, Geriatric Medicine Subdivision, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria
                [7 ]Department of Family Medicine, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra/Faculty of Family Medicine, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana
                [8 ]African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda
                [9 ]College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
                [10 ]Department of Family Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
                Author notes
                [*]Tijani Idris Ahmad Oseni, Department of Family Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, KM 13, Benin/Auchi Road, Ekpoma, Edo 320001, Nigeria. Email: tijanioseni@ 123456aauekpoma.edu.ng
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-1983
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_11786329231166366
                DOI: 10.1177/11786329231166366
                PMC ID: 10080409
                PubMed ID: 37034312
                SO-VID: 080a61c1-0d05-4205-b4c3-cc2ac10de196
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 7 December 2022
                Date accepted : 12 March 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Health promotion, disease prevention and lifelong care strategies
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                cover-date January-December 2023
                typesetter ts1

                Keywords: adolescent,mental health,disorders,nigeria,ghana
                Data availability:
                Keywords: adolescent, mental health, disorders, nigeria, ghana

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