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      Facebook® como Ferramenta Pedagógica em Saúde Coletiva: Integrando Formação Médica e Educação em Saúde Translated title: Facebook® as a Pedagogical Tool in Public Health: Integrating Medical Training and Health Education

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          Abstract

          RESUMO As mídias sociais conquistaram significativa importância na vida dos jovens contemporâneos, tanto no âmbito pessoal – para informação, divertimento – quanto no coletivo – para se projetarem como seres sociais e compartilharem informações com várias pessoas quase que instantaneamente. Diante disso, docentes da unidade curricular Saúde Coletiva III do curso de Medicina em uma universidade pública de Minas Gerais perceberam a influência do Facebook® na vida dos discentes e utilizaram-no para atingir objetivos de aprendizagem de conceitos e aplicações práticas de promoção em saúde e prevenção de agravos com a comunidade. A experiência foi conduzida durante dois semestres letivos consecutivos, por duas diferentes turmas do curso. Foi criada uma página do Facebook® com a finalidade de promover a saúde da população por meio de postagens criativas, críticas e acessíveis. Os acadêmicos tornaram-se protagonistas da atividade, uma vez que a escolha das temáticas, a busca ativa por fontes científicas de qualidade, a responsabilidade por cada postagem e o gerenciamento da página foram atribuídos a eles, sendo supervisionados pelos docentes. Obteve-se a interação com a comunidade para além da acadêmica, já que a página foi divulgada para atingir a população como um todo, contribuindo para a educação em saúde e consequentemente para a autonomia do cuidado pelos indivíduos. Dessa forma, as postagens dos discentes alcançaram muitos cidadãos, os quais, além de acessarem informações relevantes sobre saúde, podiam tirar dúvidas e fazer comentários sobre o tema. Portanto, a vivência permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências como Comunicação, Liderança, Atenção à Saúde e Administração e Gerenciamento, preconizadas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Entretanto, existem algumas limitações, como a necessidade de acesso à internet e a smartphones. À luz da vivência, pôde-se concluir que o uso de mídias sociais no curso de Medicina é uma forma efetiva de desenvolvimento de competências e de ampliação e consolidação do conhecimento, sendo os acadêmicos sujeitos fundamentais nesse processo, uma vez que a participação ativa deles é requisitada. Dessa forma, é proposta a replicação dessa experiência em outros ambientes de ensino-aprendizagem em Saúde, não somente pelo curso de Medicina, especialmente com utilização desse recurso pela Atenção Básica, favorecendo a formação de profissionais mais comprometidos com o cuidado integrado da população, em consonância com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Social media has gained significant importance in the lives of contemporary youth, both personally - for information, entertainment, and collectively - to project themselves as social beings and to share information with several people almost instantly. Thus, professors of Public Health curricular unit III, from the Medical School of a public university in Minas Gerais perceived the influence of Facebook® in the lives of students and used it to achieve concept learning objectives and practical applications of health promotion and prevention with the community. The experiment was conducted during two consecutive semesters, by two different classes of the course. A Facebook® page was created to promote the health of the population through creative, critical and accessible posts. The undergraduate students became the protagonists of the activity, since the choice of topics, the active search for high-quality scientific sources, responsibility for each post and page management were attributed to them, while they were supervised by the professors. Interaction with the non-academic community was obtained, since the page was divulged to reach all the population, contributing to health education and consequent autonomy of care by the individuals. Thus, the students’ posts reached many citizens, who, in addition to accessing relevant health information, could ask questions and make comments on the topic. Therefore, the experience allowed the development of skills such as Communication, Leadership, Health Care and Administration and Management, as recommended in the National Guideline for Undergraduate Medical Education. However, there are some limitations, such as the need to have access to the Internet and smartphones. Considering the experience, it was concluded that the use of social media in the medical course is an effective way of developing skills and expanding and consolidating knowledge, with the undergraduate students being central to this process, since their active participation is required. Thus, it is proposed to replicate this experience in other teaching-learning environments in Health, not only in Medical Schools, especially with the use of this resource by Primary Health Care, allowing the formation of professionals more committed to the integrated care of the population, in agreement with the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS).

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          Most cited references35

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          Metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na formação profissional em saúde: debates atuais

          As vertiginosas transformações das sociedades contemporâneas têm colocado em questão, de modo cada vez mais incisivo, os aspectos relativos à formação profissional. Este debate ganha contornos próprios no trabalho em saúde, na medida em que a indissociabilidade entre teoria e prática, o desenvolvimento de uma visão integral do homem e a ampliação da concepção de cuidado tornam-se prementes para o adequado desempenho laboral. Com base nestas considerações, o objetivo do presente artigo é discutir as principais transformações metodológicas no processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde, com ênfase na apreciação das metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem.
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            Resolução CNE/CES nº 3, de 20 de junho de 2014. Institui Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina e dá outras providências

            (2014)
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              Representation of Health Conditions on Facebook: Content Analysis and Evaluation of User Engagement

              Background A sizable majority of adult Internet users report looking for health information online. Social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook represent a common place to seek information, but very little is known about the representation and use of health content on SNS. Objective Our goal in this study was to understand the role of SNS in health information seeking. More specifically, we aimed to describe how health conditions are represented on Facebook Pages and how users interact with these different conditions. Methods We used Google Insights to identify the 20 most searched for health conditions on Google and then searched each of the resulting terms on Facebook. We compiled a list of the first 50 Facebook “Pages” results for each health condition. After filtering results to identify pages relevant to our research, we categorized pages into one of seven categories based on the page’s primary purpose. We then measured user engagement by evaluating the number of “Likes” for different conditions and types of pages. Results The search returned 50 pages for 18 of the health conditions, but only 48 pages were found for “anemia” and 5 pages were found for “flu symptoms”, yielding a total of 953 pages. A large number of pages (29.4%, 280/953) were irrelevant to the health condition searched. Of the 673 relevant pages, 151 were not in English or originated outside the United States, leaving 522 pages to be coded for content. The most common type of page was marketing/promotion (32.2%, 168/522) followed by information/awareness (20.7%, 108/522), Wikipedia-type pages (15.5%, 81/522), patient support (9.4%, 49/522), and general support (3.6%, 19/522). Health conditions varied greatly by the primary page type. All health conditions had some marketing/promotion pages and this made up 76% (29/38) of pages on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The largest percentage of general support pages were cancer (19%, 6/32) and stomach (16%, 4/25). For patient support, stroke (67%, 4/6), lupus (33%, 10/30), breast cancer (19%, 6/31), arthritis (16%, 6/36), and diabetes (16%, 6/37) ranked the highest. Six health conditions were not represented by any type of support pages (ie, human papillomavirus, diarrhea, flu symptoms, pneumonia, spine, human immunodeficiency virus). Marketing/promotion pages accounted for 46.73% (10,371,169/22,191,633) of all Likes, followed by support pages (40.66%, 9,023,234/22,191,633). Cancer and breast cancer accounted for 86.90% (19,284,066/22,191,633) of all page Likes. Conclusions This research represents the first attempts to comprehensively describe publicly available health content and user engagement with health conditions on Facebook pages. Public health interventions using Facebook will need to be designed to ensure relevant information is easy to find and with an understanding that stigma associated with some health conditions may limit the users’ engagement with Facebook pages. This line of research merits further investigation as Facebook and other SNS continue to evolve over the coming years.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbem
                Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica
                Rev. bras. educ. med.
                Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-5502
                1981-5271
                March 2019
                : 43
                : 1 suppl 1
                : 652-661
                Affiliations
                [1] Uberlândia Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia Brazil
                Article
                S0100-55022019000500652 S0100-5502(19)04300100652
                10.1590/1981-5271v43suplemento1-20190192
                07122d30-b63c-4123-b50e-d0213bb497e6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 September 2019
                : 16 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relato de Experiência

                Educação em saúde,Educação médica,Rede social,Saúde pública,Medicina,Health Education,Education Medical,Social Networking,Public Health,Medicine

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