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      Cumulative mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae treated with compounds Translated title: Mortalidade acumulativa de larvas de Aedes aegypti tratadas com compostos

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE

          To evaluate the larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of Carica papaya against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae).

          METHODS

          The larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. The groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (BTI) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (PC1) and 0.06 ppm (PC2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 50.0% concentration (G1); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 25.0% concentration (G2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 12.5% concentration (G3); and negative control group using water (NC1) and using dimethyl (NC2). The larvae were monitored every 60 min using direct visualization.

          RESULTS

          No mortality occurred in experimental groups NC1 and NC2 in the 24h exposure period, whereas there was 100% mortality in the PC1 and PC2 groups compared to NC1 and NC2. Mortality rates of 65.0%, 50.0% and 78.0% were observed in the groups G1, G2 and G3 respectively, compared with NC1 and NC2.

          CONCLUSIONS

          The association between three essential oils from Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis and fermented extract of Carica papaya was efficient at all concentrations. Therefore, it can be used in Aedes aegypti Liverpool third larvae stage control programs.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO:

          Avaliar a eficácia de composto de óleos essenciais de Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis e extrato fermentado de Carica papaya sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae).

          MÉTODOS:

          O ensaio larvicida foi realizado em triplicata com 300 larvas para cada grupo experimental utilizando larvas de terceiro estádio, as quais foram expostas por 24h, em 2013. Os grupos foram: controles positivos com larvicida industrial (BTI) nas concentrações de 0,37 ppm (CP1) e 0,06 ppm (CP2); tratado com composto de óleos essenciais e extrato fermentado na concentração de 50,0% (G1); tratado composto e óleos essenciais e extrato fermentado na concentração de 25,0% (G2); tratado com composto de óleos essenciais e um extrato fermentado na concentração de 12,5% (G3); controle negativo com água (CN1) e controle dimetil sulfóxido (CN2). As larvas foram monitoradas a cada 60 min através de visualização direta.

          RESULTADO:

          Larvas dos grupos CN1 e CN2 não tiveram mortalidade durante o período de 24h de exposição, mas os grupos CP1 e CP2 apresentaram taxa de mortalidade de 100% em relação a CN1 e CN2. Os tratamentos G1, G2 e G3 exerceram atividade larvicida de 65,0%, 50,0% e 78,0%, respectivamente, quando comparados a CN1 e CN2.

          CONCLUSÕES:

          A associação entre os três óleos essenciais de Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis e extrato fermentado de Carica papaya foi eficiente em todas as concentrações testadas, podendo ser utilizado no controle de larvas de terceiro estádio de A. aegypti linhagem Liverpool.

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          Terpenos com atividade inseticida: uma alternativa para o controle químico de insetos

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            Antifungal effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its components on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

            The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of tea tree oil and its components against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells were treated with tea tree oil or components, at one or more concentrations, for up to 6 h. During this time, alterations in permeability were assessed by measuring the leakage of 260 nm absorbing materials and by the uptake of Methylene Blue dye. Membrane fluidity was measured by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence. The effects of tea tree oil on glucose-induced medium acidification were quantified by measuring the pH of cell suspensions in the presence of both tea tree oil and glucose. The treatment of C. albicans with tea tree oil and components at concentrations of between 0.25 and 1.0% (v/v) altered both permeability and membrane fluidity. Membrane fluidity was also increased when C. albicans was cultured for 24 h with 0.016%-0.06% (v/v) tea tree oil, as compared with control cells. For all three organisms, glucose-induced acidification of the external medium was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% tea tree oil. Data from this study support the hypothesis that tea tree oil and components exert their antifungal actions by altering membrane properties and compromising membrane-associated functions.
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              Instruction for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides

              (1981)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Saude Publica
                Rev Saude Publica
                Revista de Saúde Pública
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo
                0034-8910
                1518-8787
                June 2014
                June 2014
                : 48
                : 3
                : 445-450
                Affiliations
                [I ] Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica em Medicamentos. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
                [II ] Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
                [III ] Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias dos Animais Domésticos. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
                [IV ] Laboratório de Histologia Animal. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Sandra Maria Torres Caixa Postal 41, Centro, 55825-000 Paudalho, PE, Brasil E-mail: sandramariavet@ 123456yahoo.com.br

                This article was based on the doctoral thesis of Torres SM, entitled: “Avaliação estrutural e ultraestrutural de larvas e adultos de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) submetidos a tratamento com composto de óleos de Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis e extrato fermentado bacteriano de Carica papaya”, presented to the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, in 2013.

                The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

                Article
                S0034-8910.2014048005022
                10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048005022
                4203074
                25119939
                058efa80-e337-4b0d-ba98-851ea4e7eedc

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 2 July 2013
                : 10 February 2014
                Page count
                Tables: 1, References: 31, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Articles

                aedes, growth & development,óleos vegetais, toxicidade,controle de insetos,vetores de doenças

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