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      Interdisciplinary Public Finance, Business and Economics Studies– Volume IV 

      Youth Unemployment Problem: Macro and Micro Causes in the European Union

      Peter Lang

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          Abstract

          The United Nations, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNESCO define the young as individuals between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four (United Nations Youth, 2018). However, this category may vary from country to country depending on political, cultural and institutional factors. In industrialized countries, the lower age limit generally varies according to the age at which compulsory education ends, while the upper limit varies widely. For example, in Northern Italy, this term is used to describe ages between fourteen and twenty-nine while in Southern Italy it is between fourteen and thirty-two (O’Higgins, 2001). As the concept of youth varies from country to country, unemployment and the concept of youth unemployment have been adopted jointly by many organizations. According to ILO and the statistical office of the European Union (Eurostat), ‘unemployment’ is defined as ‘all people, from the ones not employed during the reference period, who have used at least one job search channel in the last three months to seek a job and who are able to start working within 2 weeks’ (TurkStat, 2019). Young unemployment is defined as unemployed people between fifteen and twenty-four years old who are suitable and looking for work.

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          A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence

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            Specification Tests in Econometrics

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              Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model

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                10.3726/9783631860526.003.0010
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