The Conclusion reflects on the COVID-19 pandemic and how it illuminated China’s centrality to the rest of the world. It revisits the questions raised in the preceding chapters to reflect on the book’s implications for how we understand ethnic Chinese subjects’ experiences of nationality, gender and class today in an era of China’s ascent. Through these reflections, the Conclusion ends with a discussion of how the book’s approach provides deep insights into the imaginaries and limits of ethnicity. These insights enrich understanding of an increasingly mobile and diverse world.