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223
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Dictionary of Global Bioethics
Ethicists
other
Author(s):
Henk ten Have
,
Maria do Céu Patrão Neves
Publication date
(Online):
May 27 2021
Publisher:
Springer International Publishing
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Book Chapter
Publication date (Print):
2021
Publication date (Online):
May 27 2021
Page
: 483
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-54161-3_237
SO-VID:
00706821-1574-4d39-b2d2-80163d34878d
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Book chapters
pp. 3
ASBH
pp. 5
CIOMS
pp. 7
Council of Europe/CoE (See also Oviedo Convention)
pp. 9
EGE (See also International committees)
pp. 11
ESPMH
pp. 13
FAO
pp. 15
HUGO
pp. 17
IAB (See also SIBI)
pp. 19
IAEE
pp. 21
IBC
pp. 23
MSF
pp. 25
SIBI
pp. 27
UNESCO
pp. 29
WHO
pp. 31
WIPO
pp. 33
WMA
pp. 35
WTO
pp. 39
CBD
pp. 41
DoH
pp. 43
Doha Declaration
pp. 45
Earth Charter
pp. 47
Nuremberg Code
pp. 49
Oviedo Convention (See also Council of Europe)
pp. 51
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
pp. 53
TRIPS
pp. 55
UDBHR
pp. 57
UDHGHR
pp. 59
UDHR
pp. 63
Bankowski
pp. 65
Hellegers
pp. 67
Jahr
pp. 69
Pardo
pp. 71
Pellegrino
pp. 73
Potter
pp. 77
Ableism
pp. 79
Abortion
pp. 81
Abuse, Child
pp. 83
Abuse, Concept
pp. 85
Abuse, Elder
pp. 87
Access to Healthcare
pp. 89
Access to Medication
pp. 91
Addiction (See Substance Abuse)
pp. 93
Adoption
pp. 95
Advance Care Planning (See Advance Directive)
pp. 97
Advance Directive (See Advance Care Planning; Living Will)
pp. 99
Advocacy
pp. 101
Aesthetic Medicine (See Cosmetic Surgery)
pp. 103
Ageism
pp. 105
Agricultural Ethics
pp. 107
AIDS (See HIV)
pp. 109
Alternative Medicine
pp. 111
Altruism (See Authenticity)
pp. 113
Animal Cloning (See Animal Ethics; Animal Research; Cloning)
pp. 115
Animal Ethics (See Animal Welfare; Animal Rights; Animal Research; Vegetarianism; Zoocentrism)
pp. 117
Animal Research (See Animal Ethics; Animal Welfare; Animal Cloning)
pp. 119
Animal Rights (See Animal Ethics; Animal Research; Animal Welfare; Vegetarianism; Zoocentrism)
pp. 121
Animal Welfare (See Animal Ethics; Animal Research; Animal Rights)
pp. 123
Anthropocentrism (See Biocentrism; Ecocentrism; Zoocentrism)
pp. 125
Anticommons (See Commons)
pp. 127
Applied Ethics
pp. 129
Artificial Insemination
pp. 131
Artificial Intelligence
pp. 133
Artificial Nutrition and Hydration
pp. 135
Artificial Organs
pp. 137
Assisted Reproductive Technology
pp. 139
Assisted Suicide
pp. 141
Authenticity (See Altruism)
pp. 143
Autonomy (See Respect for Autonomy)
pp. 145
Avian Flu
pp. 147
Behavioral Economics
pp. 149
Behavior Modification
pp. 151
Benefits and Harms
pp. 153
Benefit-Sharing
pp. 155
Big Data
pp. 157
Biobanking
pp. 159
Biocentrism (See Anthropocentrism; Ecocentrism; Environmental Ethics; Zoocentrism)
pp. 161
Biodiversity
pp. 163
Bioengineering
pp. 165
Bioethical Imperialism
pp. 167
Bioethics and Religion (See Religion and Bioethics)
pp. 169
Bioethics, Clinical
pp. 171
Bioethics, Education
pp. 173
Bioethics, Environmental (See Environmental Ethics)
pp. 175
Bioethics, Global
pp. 177
Bioethics, History
pp. 179
Bioethics, Medical
pp. 181
Bioinvasion (See Invasive Species)
pp. 183
Biolaw
pp. 185
Biological Weapons (See Biosecurity; Dual Use; Weapons)
pp. 187
Biometrics
pp. 189
Bionics
pp. 191
Biopiracy (See Bioprospecting)
pp. 193
Biopolitics
pp. 195
Bioprinting
pp. 197
Bioprospecting (See Biopiracy)
pp. 199
Biosafety (See Biosecurity)
pp. 201
Biosecurity (See Biosafety; Bioterrorism)
pp. 203
Biosphere
pp. 205
Biotechnology
pp. 207
Bioterrorism (See Biosecurity)
pp. 209
Birth Control (See Contraception; Fertility Control)
pp. 211
Brain Death (See Death)
pp. 213
Brain Drain (See Care Drain)
pp. 215
BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
pp. 217
Business Ethics
pp. 219
Capabilities
pp. 221
Capacity (See Capability; Capacity Building; Competence)
pp. 223
Capacity Building (See Capacity)
pp. 225
Capital Punishment (See Death Penalty)
pp. 227
Care Drain (See Brain Drain)
pp. 229
Care Ethics (See Chronic Illness and Care)
pp. 231
Casuistry
pp. 233
Censorship
pp. 235
Children and Ethics (See Pediatrics)
pp. 237
Children and Research (See Pediatrics)
pp. 239
Children’s Rights
pp. 241
Chimera (See Research Ethics, Interspecies)
pp. 243
Chronic Illness and Care (See Care Ethics)
pp. 245
Circumcision, Male
pp. 247
Citizenship, Biological
pp. 249
Citizenship, Ecological
pp. 251
Citizenship, General
pp. 253
Citizenship, Genetic
pp. 255
Civil Disobedience
pp. 257
Civil Society
pp. 259
Climate Change
pp. 263
Clinical Equipoise
pp. 265
Clinical Ethics, Committees
pp. 267
Clinical Ethics Consultation
pp. 269
Clinical Ethics, General
pp. 271
Clinical Ethics, Methods
pp. 273
Clinical Ethics, Professionalization
pp. 275
Clinical Ethics, Support
pp. 277
Clinical Ethics, Teaching (See Bioethics Education)
pp. 279
Clinical Research (See Research; Research Ethics)
pp. 281
Clinical Trials (See Research Ethics; Clinical Research)
pp. 283
Clone
pp. 285
Cloning, Animal (See Animal Cloning)
pp. 287
Cloning, Concept
pp. 289
Cloning, Food
pp. 291
Cloning, General
pp. 293
Cloning, Human
pp. 295
Codes of Conduct
pp. 297
Coercion
pp. 299
Cognitive Sciences
pp. 301
Commercialism
pp. 303
Committees, Clinical Ethics Committees
pp. 305
Committees, General
pp. 307
Committees, International Ethics Committees
pp. 309
Committees, National Ethics Committees
pp. 311
Committees, Research Ethics Committees (See Research Ethics; Research Ethics Committees)
pp. 313
Commodification
pp. 315
Common Good
pp. 317
Common Heritage of Humankind
pp. 319
Commons (See Common Heritage of Humankind)
pp. 321
Communication, Ethics
pp. 323
Communication, General
pp. 325
Communication, Media (See Media Ethics)
pp. 327
Communitarian Ethics (See Communitarianism)
pp. 329
Communitarianism
pp. 331
Community Consent
pp. 333
Compassion
pp. 335
Compassionate Use (See Pre-approval Access; Right to Try)
pp. 337
Competence
pp. 339
Compliance
pp. 341
Complicity
pp. 343
Confidentiality
pp. 345
Conflict of Interest
pp. 347
Conscientious Objection
pp. 349
Consensus
pp. 351
Consent, Informed Consent
pp. 353
Consequentialism (See Utilitarianism)
pp. 355
Consultation
pp. 357
Contraception
pp. 359
Corruption
pp. 361
Cosmetic Surgery (See Aesthetic Medicine)
pp. 363
Cosmopolitanism
pp. 365
Cost–Benefit Analysis
pp. 367
Covid-19
pp. 369
CRISPR (See Genomic Editing; Gene Editing)
pp. 371
Contract Research Organizations
pp. 373
Cryogenics
pp. 375
Cultural Diversity
pp. 377
Cyborg
pp. 379
Data Sharing (See Research Ethics, Data Sharing; Virus Sharing)
pp. 381
Death, Concept
pp. 383
Death, Criteria (See Brain Death)
pp. 385
Death, General
pp. 387
Death Penalty
pp. 389
Declaration of Istanbul (See Trafficking; Organ Transplantation)
pp. 391
Deep Ecology (See Ecocentrism; Environmentalism)
pp. 393
Deliberation
pp. 395
Dementia
pp. 397
Demography
pp. 399
Dental Ethics
pp. 401
Deontology, Moral Theory
pp. 403
Deontology, Professional
pp. 405
Designer Babies
pp. 407
Development
pp. 409
Disability (See Ableism)
pp. 411
Disasters
pp. 413
Discourse Ethics
pp. 415
Discrimination
pp. 417
Disease Mongering
pp. 419
Disease
pp. 421
Diversity (See Biodiversity; Cultural Diversity)
pp. 423
Donation, Blood
pp. 425
Donation, Body (Corpse)
pp. 427
Donation, Embryo
pp. 429
Donation, Gametes
pp. 431
Donation, General
pp. 433
Donation, Organs
pp. 435
Donation, Tissues and Body Parts
pp. 437
Doping (See Sports)
pp. 439
Double Effect
pp. 441
Double Standards (See Standards of Care)
pp. 443
Drugs
pp. 445
Dual Use
pp. 447
Ebola
pp. 449
Ecocentrism (See Anthropocentrism; Biocentrism; Environmental Ethics; Zoocentrism)
pp. 451
Egalitarianism
pp. 453
Electronic Patient Records
pp. 455
Electronic Surveillance
pp. 457
Emergency Medicine (See Triage)
pp. 459
Emerging Infectious Diseases
pp. 461
Emerging Technologies
pp. 463
Empathy
pp. 465
Engineering Ethics
pp. 467
Enhancement
pp. 469
Environmental Ethics (See Ecocentrism)
pp. 471
Environmentalism (See Ecocentrism)
pp. 473
Epidemics (See Epidemiology)
pp. 475
Epidemiology
pp. 477
Epigenetics
pp. 479
Equality
pp. 481
Equity
pp. 483
Ethicists
pp. 485
Ethics
pp. 487
Eugenics
pp. 489
Euthanasia, Active
pp. 491
Euthanasia, Concept
pp. 493
Euthanasia, General
pp. 495
Euthanasia, History
pp. 497
Euthanasia, Passive
pp. 499
Evaluation Ethics
pp. 501
Evolutionary Ethics
pp. 503
Experimentation (See Research Ethics)
pp. 505
Exploitation
pp. 507
Fairness
pp. 509
Family Medicine
pp. 511
Family Planning (See Fertility Control)
pp. 513
FGC (Female Genital Cutting)
pp. 515
Feminist Ethics
pp. 517
Fertility Control (See Birth Control; Contraception)
pp. 519
Fertility Preservation
pp. 521
Fetal Research
pp. 523
Fetal Surgery
pp. 525
Food Ethics
pp. 527
Food Security (See Hunger; Food Ethics)
pp. 529
Forensic Medicine
pp. 531
Freedom, General
pp. 533
Freedom (of the Press)
pp. 535
Freedom (of Speech)
pp. 537
Freedom (of Treatment)
pp. 539
Futility
pp. 541
Future Generations
pp. 543
Gender
pp. 545
Gene Therapy
pp. 547
Gene Editing (See Genome Editing; CRISPR)
pp. 549
Generic Medication
pp. 551
Genetic Counseling
pp. 553
Genetic Determinism
pp. 555
Genetic Modification (GMOs), Animals
pp. 557
Genetic Modification (GMOs), Food
pp. 559
Genetic Modification (GMOs), General
pp. 561
Genetic Modification (GMOs), Human Beings
pp. 563
Genetic Modification (GMOs), Plants
pp. 565
Genetic Screening
pp. 567
Geneticization
pp. 569
Genome Editing (See Gene Editing; CRISPR)
pp. 571
Genomics
pp. 573
Ghostwriting
pp. 575
Global Compact
pp. 577
Global Fund
pp. 579
Global Justice (See Justice)
pp. 581
Globalization
pp. 583
Good Death (See Death, Concept)
pp. 585
Governance
pp. 587
Grassroots Activism
pp. 589
Harm (See Benefits and Harms)
pp. 591
Health Education and Promotion
pp. 593
Health Insurance
pp. 595
Health Policy
pp. 597
Health Tourism (See Medical Tourism)
pp. 599
Health, Concept
pp. 601
Health, Global
pp. 603
Health, Social Determinants Of
pp. 605
HIV (See AIDS)
pp. 607
Homelessness
pp. 609
Honor Codes
pp. 611
Hospice (See Palliative Care)
pp. 613
Human Dignity
pp. 615
Human Rights
pp. 617
Humanitarian Intervention
pp. 619
Hunger (See Food Security)
pp. 621
ICSI
pp. 623
In Vitro Fertilization (See Assisted Reproductive Technology)
pp. 625
Indigenous Ethical Perspectives
pp. 627
Indigenous Knowledge
pp. 629
Indigenous Rights
pp. 631
Infertility
pp. 633
Information Ethics
pp. 635
Information Technology
pp. 637
Informed Consent (See Consent)
pp. 639
Institutional Ethics (See Organizational Ethics)
pp. 641
Integrity Concept
pp. 643
Integrity, Personal
pp. 645
Integrity, Professional
pp. 647
Integrity, Research (See Research Ethics; Integrity)
pp. 649
Intensive Care
pp. 651
Interculturality
pp. 653
International Law
pp. 655
Internet
pp. 657
Invasive Species (See Bioinvasion)
pp. 659
Institutional Review Boards (See Research Ethics; Research Ethics Committees)
pp. 661
Journalism Ethics
pp. 663
Justice, Global
pp. 665
Justice, Intergenerational-Intragenerational
pp. 667
Justice, Theories
pp. 669
Law and Bioethics
pp. 671
Law and Morality
pp. 673
Leadership
pp. 675
Legal Ethics
pp. 677
Life Sciences
pp. 679
Life, Definitions
pp. 681
Life, Extension
pp. 683
Life, General
pp. 685
Life, Quality of (See Quality of Life; QALY)
pp. 687
Life, Sanctity of
pp. 689
Lifestyles
pp. 691
Literature
pp. 693
Living Will (See Advance Directive)
pp. 695
Malaria
pp. 697
Malpractice
pp. 699
Managed Care
pp. 701
Marginalization
pp. 703
Maximin Principle
pp. 705
Media Ethics (See Communication, Media)
pp. 707
Mediation
pp. 709
Medical Humanities
pp. 711
Medical Tourism (See Health Tourism)
pp. 713
Medicalization
pp. 715
Mental Health
pp. 717
Mental Illness
pp. 719
Mercy
pp. 721
Migration
pp. 723
Military Ethics (See War)
pp. 725
Minimalist Ethics
pp. 727
Mismanagement
pp. 729
Mistakes, Medical
pp. 731
Moral Distress
pp. 733
Moral Diversity (See Diversity)
pp. 735
Moral Entrepreneur
pp. 737
Moral Expertise
pp. 739
Moral Hazard
pp. 741
Moral Relativism
pp. 743
Moral Residue
pp. 745
Moral Status
pp. 747
Moral Theories (See Deontology; Moral Theory)
pp. 749
Moral Universalism
pp. 751
Multiculturalism
pp. 753
Nanoethics
pp. 755
Nanomedicine
pp. 757
Nanotechnology
pp. 759
Narrative Ethics
pp. 761
Natural Law
pp. 763
Nature versus Nurture
pp. 765
Neoliberalism (See Globalization)
pp. 767
Neonatology (See Pediatrics)
pp. 769
Neuroethics
pp. 771
Neurotechnology (See Neuroethics)
pp. 773
Non-governmental Organizations
pp. 775
Nursing Ethics
pp. 777
Occupational Safety
pp. 779
Occupational Therapy
pp. 781
Open Access
pp. 783
Organ Donation (See Donation, Organs)
pp. 785
Organ Trade (See Trafficking; Declaration of Istanbul)
pp. 787
Organ Transplantation (See Transplantation Medicine)
pp. 789
Organizational Ethics (See Institutional Ethics)
pp. 791
Organoid
pp. 793
Outsourcing
pp. 795
Ownership (See Patenting; Property Rights)
pp. 797
Pain
pp. 799
Palliative Care (See Hospice; Palliative Sedation)
pp. 801
Palliative Sedation (See Palliative Care)
pp. 803
Pandemics
pp. 805
Patenting (See Ownership; Property Rights)
pp. 807
Paternalism
pp. 809
Patient Organizations
pp. 811
Patient Rights
pp. 813
Pediatrics (See Neonatology; Children and Ethics)
pp. 815
Persistent Vegetative State
pp. 817
Personalism
pp. 819
Personalized Medicine
pp. 821
Pharmacogenomics
pp. 823
Pharmacy Ethics
pp. 825
Placebo
pp. 827
Plagiarism
pp. 829
Pluralism
pp. 831
Pollution
pp. 833
Population Ethics
pp. 835
Poverty
pp. 837
Pre-approval Access (See Compassionate Use; Right to Try)
pp. 839
Precautionary Principle
pp. 841
Precision Medicine
pp. 843
Predictive Medicine
pp. 845
Prenatal Genetic Screening
pp. 847
Prevention
pp. 849
Principlism
pp. 851
Prisoners
pp. 853
Privacy (See: Confidentiality)
pp. 855
Professional Ethics
pp. 857
Professionalism
pp. 859
Property Rights (See Ownership; Patenting)
pp. 861
Proportionality
pp. 863
Proteomics
pp. 865
Psychiatry Ethics
pp. 867
Psychosurgery
pp. 869
Public Health
pp. 871
Publication Ethics
pp. 873
Quality of Care
pp. 875
Quality of Life (See Life, Quality of; QALY)
pp. 877
QALY (See Quality of Life)
pp. 879
Refugees
pp. 881
Regenerative Medicine
pp. 883
Regulation (EU) on Clinical Trials
pp. 885
Rehabilitation
pp. 887
Religion and Bioethics (See Bioethics and Religion)
pp. 889
Reproductive Autonomy
pp. 891
Reproductive Ethics
pp. 893
Research (See Clinical Research; Research Ethics)
pp. 895
Research Ethics, Animal (See Animal Research)
pp. 897
Research Ethics, Clinical Research
pp. 899
Research Ethics, Data Sharing
pp. 901
Research Ethics, Embryo
pp. 903
Research Ethics, Integrity (See Integrity)
pp. 905
Research Ethics, Interspecies (See Chimera)
pp. 907
Research Ethics, Research Ethics Committees (See Institutional Review Boards)
pp. 909
Research Policy
pp. 911
Resource Allocation
pp. 913
Respect for Autonomy (See Autonomy)
pp. 915
Responsibility, Collective
pp. 917
Responsibility, Concept
pp. 919
Responsibility, Corporate
pp. 921
Responsibility, General
pp. 923
Responsibility, Individual
pp. 925
Responsibility, Social
pp. 927
Resuscitation (including DNR Orders)
pp. 929
Right to Die
pp. 931
Right to Health
pp. 933
Right to Try (See Compassionate Use; Pre-approval Access)
pp. 935
Risk
pp. 937
Robotics
pp. 939
Safety (See Biosafety)
pp. 941
SARS
pp. 943
Science Ethics
pp. 945
Scientific Misconduct
pp. 947
Sexual Ethics
pp. 949
Slippery Slope
pp. 951
Social Ethics
pp. 953
Social Media
pp. 955
Social Work
pp. 957
Solidarity
pp. 959
Spirituality
pp. 961
Sports (See Doping)
pp. 963
Standards of Care (See Double Standards)
pp. 965
Stem Cells, Adult
pp. 967
Stem Cells, Embryonic
pp. 969
Stem Cells, General
pp. 971
Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent
pp. 973
Stewardship
pp. 975
Stigmatization
pp. 977
Strikes
pp. 979
Subsidiarity
pp. 981
Substance Abuse (See Addiction)
pp. 983
Suffering
pp. 985
Suicide
pp. 987
Surgery
pp. 989
Surrogate Decision-Making
pp. 991
Surrogate Motherhood
pp. 993
Sustainability
pp. 995
Synthetic Biology
pp. 997
Technology Assessment
pp. 999
Telecare
pp. 1001
Testing, Genetic
pp. 1003
Testing, Premarital
pp. 1005
Torture
pp. 1007
Traditional Medicine
pp. 1009
Trafficking
pp. 1011
Transhumanism (See Enhancement; Transplantation; Genetic Engineering)
pp. 1013
Transplantation Medicine
pp. 1015
Triage (See Emergency Medicine)
pp. 1017
Trust
pp. 1019
Truth Telling
pp. 1021
Tuberculosis
pp. 1023
Ubuntu Ethics
pp. 1025
Utilitarianism (See Consequentialism)
pp. 1027
Vaccination
pp. 1029
Values
pp. 1031
Vegetarianism (See Animal Ethics; Animal Welfare; Zoocentrism)
pp. 1033
Veterinary Ethics
pp. 1035
Violence
pp. 1037
Virtue Ethics
pp. 1039
Virus Sharing
pp. 1041
Vivisection (See Animal Ethics; Animal Research)
pp. 1043
Vulnerability
pp. 1045
War (See Military Ethics)
pp. 1047
Water
pp. 1049
Weapons (See Biological Weapons)
pp. 1051
Whistle-Blowing
pp. 1053
Wrongful Birth
pp. 1055
Wrongful Life
pp. 1057
Xenograft
pp. 1059
Xenotransplantation
pp. 1061
Zika
pp. 1063
Zoocentrism (See Animal Ethics; Anthropocentrism; Biocentrism; Ecocentrism)
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