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      Where There Is No Health Research: What Can Be Done to Fill the Global Gaps in Health Research?

      research-article
      1 , * ,   1 , 2 , 3 , 4
      PLoS Medicine
      Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          As part of a cluster of articles leading up to the 2012 World Health Report and critically reflecting on the theme of “no health without research," Martin McKee and colleagues examine the question of what to do to build capacity in the many countries around the world where health research is virtually non-existent.

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          Most cited references30

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          Which h-index? — A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar

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            Comparison of SCImago journal rank indicator with journal impact factor.

            The application of currently available sophisticated algorithms of citation analysis allows for the incorporation of the "quality" of citations in the evaluation of scientific journals. We sought to compare the newly introduced SCImago journal rank (SJR) indicator with the journal impact factor (IF). We retrieved relevant information from the official Web sites hosting the above indices and their source databases. The SJR indicator is an open-access resource, while the journal IF requires paid subscription. The SJR indicator (based on Scopus data) lists considerably more journal titles published in a wider variety of countries and languages, than the journal IF (based on Web of Science data). Both indices divide citations to a journal by articles of the journal, during a specific time period. However, contrary to the journal IF, the SJR indicator attributes different weight to citations depending on the "prestige" of the citing journal without the influence of journal self-citations; prestige is estimated with the application of the PageRank algorithm in the network of journals. In addition, the SJR indicator includes the total number of documents of a journal in the denominator of the relevant calculation, whereas the journal IF includes only "citable" articles (mainly original articles and reviews). A 3-yr period is analyzed in both indices but with the use of different approaches. Regarding the top 100 journals in the 2006 journal IF ranking order, the median absolute change in their ranking position with the use of the SJR indicator is 32 (1st quartile: 12; 3rd quartile: 75). Although further validation is warranted, the novel SJR indicator poses as a serious alternative to the well-established journal IF, mainly due to its open-access nature, larger source database, and assessment of the quality of citations.
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              Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009

              Background The Internet has recently made possible the free global availability of scientific journal articles. Open Access (OA) can occur either via OA scientific journals, or via authors posting manuscripts of articles published in subscription journals in open web repositories. So far there have been few systematic studies showing how big the extent of OA is, in particular studies covering all fields of science. Methodology/Principal Findings The proportion of peer reviewed scholarly journal articles, which are available openly in full text on the web, was studied using a random sample of 1837 titles and a web search engine. Of articles published in 2008, 8,5% were freely available at the publishers' sites. For an additional 11,9% free manuscript versions could be found using search engines, making the overall OA percentage 20,4%. Chemistry (13%) had the lowest overall share of OA, Earth Sciences (33%) the highest. In medicine, biochemistry and chemistry publishing in OA journals was more common. In all other fields author-posted manuscript copies dominated the picture. Conclusions/Significance The results show that OA already has a significant positive impact on the availability of the scientific journal literature and that there are big differences between scientific disciplines in the uptake. Due to the lack of awareness of OA-publishing among scientists in most fields outside physics, the results should be of general interest to all scholars. The results should also interest academic publishers, who need to take into account OA in their business strategies and copyright policies, as well as research funders, who like the NIH are starting to require OA availability of results from research projects they fund. The method and search tools developed also offer a good basis for more in-depth studies as well as longitudinal studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PLoS Med
                PLoS Med
                PLoS
                plosmed
                PLoS Medicine
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1549-1277
                1549-1676
                April 2012
                April 2012
                24 April 2012
                : 9
                : 4
                : e1001209
                Affiliations
                [1 ]European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
                [2 ]Department of Sociology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
                [3 ]Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
                [4 ]Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
                Author notes

                The Essay section contains opinion pieces on topics of broad interest to a general medical audience.

                Analyzed the data: MM. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: MM. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MM DS SB. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: MM DS SB. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: MM DS SB.

                Article
                PMEDICINE-D-12-00103
                10.1371/journal.pmed.1001209
                3335864
                22545025
                d132f179-c179-433f-a545-8c34b3a868d7
                McKee et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Page count
                Pages: 7
                Categories
                Essay
                Science Policy
                Research Funding
                Science Policy and Economics

                Medicine
                Medicine

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