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      Static balance of elderly women submitted to a physical activity program Translated title: Equilíbrio estático de mulheres idosas submetidas a um programa de atividade física

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          Abstract

          Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a physical activity program on static balance in elderly women. Method : The sample was randomly subdivided into an experimental group (EG; n=28; 65.64±2.36 years; BMI= 27.52±3.13) and a control group (CG; n=21; 66.84±2.31 years; BMI= 27.67±2.78). The EG participated in twice-weekly 60-minute sessions of physical activity for 12 weeks, with a perceived intensity level between 3 and 5 (CR10 scale). Static balance was evaluated using a baropodometric platform. Mean postural amplitude oscillations were measured in displacement from the center of pressure (COP), left lateral (LLD), right lateral (RLD), anterior (AD) posterior (PD) and elliptical (EA) area. Results : Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in EG pre and post-test oscillations (p<0.05) in the COP, AD (∆=0.59;p=0.021), PD (∆=-0.91; p=0.001) and EA (∆=1.56; p=0.044) displacement. When comparing the groups, post-test amplitude oscillations in the COP, RLD (∆%=-7.40;p=0.006), AD (∆%=-30.63; p=0.007), PD (∆%=-42.96; p<0.001) and EA (∆%=-34.41;p=0.017) of the EG were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of the CG. There were no significant LLD alterations. Conclusion : The results confirm that static balance improved with physical exercise in EG subjects.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo : Determinar os efeitos de um programa de atividades físicas sobre o equilíbrio estático em mulheres idosas. Método : Estudo experimental utilizando amostra dividida aleatoriamente em grupo experimental (GE; n=28; 65,64±2,36 anos; IMC=27,52±3,13) e grupo controle (GC; n=21; 66,84±2,31 anos; IMC= 27,67±2,78). O GE participou do programa de atividades físicas por 12 semanas (2x/sem; 60 minutos/sessão), com intensidade de esforço percebido entre 3 e 5 (Escala de Borg-CR10). O equilíbrio estático foi avaliado através de uma plataforma baropodométrica. As médias das amplitudes das oscilações posturais foram medidas através do deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP) lateral esquerdo (DLE), lateral direito (DLD), anterior (DA), posterior (DP) e da área elíptica (AE). Resultados : A análise de variância com medidas repetidas mostrou redução significativa nas oscilações do deslocamento do COP do pré para o pós-teste (p<0,05) no GE no DA (∆=0,59;p=0,021), DP (∆=-0,91; p=0,001) e na AE (∆=1,56; p=0,044). As oscilações das amplitudes do deslocamento do COP no GE foram significativamente menores (p<0,05) no DLD (∆%=-7,40;p=0,006), DA (∆%=-30,63; p=0,007), DP (∆%=-42,96; p<0,001) e na AE (∆%=-34,41;p=0,017) quando comparadas ao GC no pós-teste. Não houve alterações significativas no deslocamento lateral esquerdo (DLE). Conclusão : Os resultados mostraram que o equilíbrio estático no GE melhorou com a participação no programa de atividades físicas.

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          Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

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            The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis in exercise and sport.

            The syndrome of adult GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement therapy provide a useful model with which to study the effects of the GH/IGF-I axis on exercise physiology. Measures of exercise performance including maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold are impaired in adult GH deficiency and improved by GH replacement, probably through some combination of increased oxygen delivery to exercising muscle, increased fatty acid availability with glycogen sparing, increased muscle strength, improved body composition, and improved thermoregulation. In normal subjects, in addition to the long-term effects of GH/IGF-I status, there is evidence that the acute GH response to exercise is important in regulating substrate metabolism after exercise. Administration of supraphysiological doses of GH to athletes increases fatty acid availability and reduces oxidative protein loss, particularly during exercise, and increases lean body mass. Despite a lack of evidence that these metabolic effects translate to improved performance, GH abuse by athletes is widespread. Tests to detect GH abuse have been developed based on measurement in serum of 1) indirect markers of GH action, and 2) the relative proportions of the two major naturally occurring isoforms (20 and 22kDa) of GH. There is evidence that exercise performance and strength are improved by administration of GH and testosterone in combination to elderly subjects. The potential benefits of GH in these situations must be weighed against potential adverse effects.
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              Effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women.

              The aim of this study was to compare the effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on the basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women. The subjects were divided in three groups as follows. 1. Strength training group (SG) submitted to the weight training called 1-repetition maximum test (1-RM, 75-85%). This group contained 12 subjects of mean age=66.08+/-3.37 years; and body mass index (BMI)=26.0+/-3.72kg/m(2). (2) Aerobic training group (AG) submitted to aquatic exercise; they were 13 subjects of the mean age=68.69+/-4.70 years; and BMI=29.19+/-2.96kg/m(2). (3) A control group (CG) of 10 subjects, of mean age=68.80+/-5.41 years; BMI=29.70+/-2.82kg/m2. The training periods were 12 weeks, Fasting blood was analyzed to measure IGF-1 and basal cortisol levels (by chemiluminescence method), both at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Student's t-test revealed increased IGF-1 in the SG (p<0.05) compared to the other two groups. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed also elevated IGF-1 (p<0.05) in the SG compared to the other groups (AG and CG). There were no differences in cortisol levels. In conclusion, high-intensity training caused changes in IGF-1. This suggests that strength training may provoke anabolic effects in elderly individuals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgg
                Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia
                Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.
                Universidade do Estado do Rio Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro )
                1981-2256
                December 2015
                : 18
                : 4
                : 735-742
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Brazil
                Article
                S1809-98232015000400735
                10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14181
                214e49b3-1dd3-4122-aea4-8675390d272a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1809-9823&lng=en
                Categories
                GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

                Geriatric medicine
                Aging,Balance,Exercise,Physical Activity,Envelhecimento,Equilíbrio,Exercício,Atividade Física

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